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1、1.LAD:languageacquisitiondevice语言习得机制2.Displacement:Displacementisthatlanguagecanrefertothecontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeake匚移位法3.culturaltransmission:文化传递'性Animalscallsystemsaregeneticallytransmitted.Humanlanguagesareculturallytransmitted.4.Interpersonalfunction:人际关
2、系Interpersonalfunctionisthemostimportantsociologicaluseoflanguage,bywhichpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinasociety.Inaddition,thewaysinwhichpeopleaddressothersandrefertothemselvesindicatethevarioustypesofinterpersonalrelations.Finally,languagemarksouridentity.5.Linguistics:Lingui
3、sticsisdefinedasthesystematic(orscientific)studyoflanguage语言学6.Appliedlinguistics:Appliedlinguisticsisabranchofstudywhichapplylinguisticstotheresearchofotherareas.应用语言学7.Syntax:Syntaxstudiestherulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentences・句法学8.morphology:Morphologyisconcernedwiththe
4、internalorganizationofwords.Itstudiestheminimalunitsofmeaning・morphemesandword・formationprocesses.形态学1.LanguageacquisitionandlanguagelearningLanguageacquisitionistogetalanguagesubconsciouslyandnaturallywithnogreateffort.Languagelearningistogetalanguageconsciouslywithgreateffortsandusua
5、llyundertheteachers9instruction.Forinstance,formostChinese,theirknowledgeabouttheirmothertongue-Chinese,islanguageacquisition,whiletheirknowledgeaboutEnglishislanguagelearning.2.ForeignlanguageandsecondlanguageAlanguagehasgainedofficialstatusincertainregionorcountryiscalledsecondlangua
6、ge,whileforeignlanguagehasnot.Forexample,formostIndians,EnglishistheirsecondlanguagesinceEnglishhasgainedofficialstatusintheircountrywhileEnglishisregardedasforeignlanguageinChina.3.ExpressivefunctionandEvocativefunctionExpressivefunctionistheuseoflanguagetorevealsomethingaboutthefeeli
7、ngsandattitudesofthespeaker.Inthisfunction,languageisusedtoevaluate,appraiseandassertthespeaker'sattitudes,etc.Evocativefunctionistheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.Itaimstoamuse,startle,anger,soothe,worryorplease.4.PhoneticsandPhonology・Phoneticsstudiesspeechsounds,i
