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1、TheDoctrineoftheMeanByConfuciusWrittenca.500B.C.EWhatHeavenhasconferrediscalledTheNature;anaccordancewiththisnatureiscalledThePathofduty;theregulationofthispathiscalledInstruction.Thepathmaynotbeleftforaninstant.Ifitcouldbeleft,itwouldnotbethepath.Onthisaccount,thesuperiormandoesnotwaittil
2、lheseesthings,tobecautious,nortillhehearsthings,tobeapprehensive.Thereisnothingmorevisiblethanwhatissecret,andnothingmoremanifestthanwhatisminute.Thereforethesuperiormaniswatchfuloverhimself,whenheisalone.Whiletherearenostirringsofpleasure,anger,sorrow,orjoy,themindmaybesaidtobeinthestateo
3、fEquilibrium.Whenthosefeelingshavebeenstirred,andtheyactintheirduedegree,thereensueswhatmaybecalledthestateofHarmony.ThisEquilibriumisthegreatrootfromwhichgrowallthehumanactingsintheworld,andthisHarmonyistheuniversalpathwhichtheyallshouldpursue.Letthestatesofequilibriumandharmonyexistinper
4、fection,andahappyorderwillprevailthroughoutheavenandearth,andallthingswillbenourishedandflourish.Chung‐nisaid,"ThesuperiormanembodiesthecourseoftheMean;themeanmanactscontrarytothecourseoftheMean."Thesuperiorman'sembodyingthecourseoftheMeanisbecauseheisasuperiorman,andsoalwaysmaintainstheMe
5、an.Themeanman'sactingcontrarytothecourseoftheMeanisbecauseheisameanman,andhasnocaution."TheMastersaid,"PerfectisthevirtuewhichisaccordingtotheMean!Rarehavetheylongbeenamongthepeople,whocouldpracticeit!TheMastersaid,"IknowhowitisthatthepathoftheMeanisnotwalkedin:‐Theknowinggobeyondit,andthe
6、stupiddonotcomeuptoit.IknowhowitisthatthepathoftheMeanisnotunderstood:‐Themenoftalentsandvirtuegobeyondit,andtheworthlessdonotcomeuptoit."Thereisnobodybuteatsanddrinks.Buttheyarefewwhocandistinguishflavors."TheMastersaid,"Alas!HowisthepathoftheMeanuntrodden!"TheMastersaid,"TherewasShun:‐He
7、indeedwasgreatlywise!Shunlovedtoquestionothers,andtostudytheirwords,thoughtheymightbeshallow.Heconcealedwhatwasbadinthemanddisplayedwhatwasgood.Hetookholdoftheirtwoextremes,determinedtheMean,andemployeditinhisgovernmentofthepeople.ItwasbythisthathewasShun!"The
