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1、Nootherareaofbusinessoperationsinvolvesthecomplexityorspansthegeographyoflogistics.Allaroundtheglobe,24hoursofeveryday,7daysaweek,during52weeksayear,logisticsisconcernedwithgettingproductsandserviceswheretheyareneededattheprecisetimedesired.Itisdifficulttovisualizeaccomplishinganymarketing,manuf
2、acturing,orinternationalcommercewithoutlogistics.Mostconsumersinhighlydevelopedindustrialnationstakeahighleveloflogisticalcompetencyforgranted.Whentheypurchasegoods一ataretailstore,overthetelephone,orviatheInternet一theyexpectproductdeliverywillbeperformedaspromised.Infact,expectationisfortimely,e
3、rror-freelogisticseverytimetheyorder.Theyhavelittleornotoleranceforfailuretoperform.Althoughlogisticshavebeenperformedsincethebeginningofcivilization,implementing21sl-centurybestpracticesisoneofthemostexcitingandchallengingoperationalareasofsupplychainmanagement.Becauselogisticsisbotholdandnew,w
4、echoosetocharacterizethemrapidchangetakingplaceinbestpracticeasarenaissance.Logisticsinvolvesthemanagementoforderprocessing,inventory,transportation,andthecombinationofwarehousing,materialshanding,andpackaging,allintegratedthroughoutanetworkoffacilities.Thegoaloflogisticsistosupportprocurement,m
5、anufacturing,andcustomeraccommodationoperationalrequirements.Withinafirmthechallengeistocoordinatefunctionalcompetencyintoanintegratedoperationfocusedonservicingcustomers.Inthebroadersupplychaincontext,operationalsynchronizationisessentialwithcustomersaswellasmaterialandservicesupplierstolinkint
6、ernalandexternaloperationsasoneintegrateprocess.Logisticsreferstotheresponsibilitytodesignandadministersystemstocontrolmovementandgeographicalpositioningofrawmaterials,work-in-process,andfinishedinventories,atthelowesttotalcos匸Toachievelowesttotalcostmeansthatfinancialandhumanassetscommittedtolo
7、gisticsmustbeheldtoanabsoluteminimum.Itisalsonecessarytoholdoperationalexpendituresaslowaspossible.Thecombinationsofresources,skills,andsystemsrequiredtoachieveleanlogisticsarechallengingtointegrate,butonceachieved,suchinteg
