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1、TheTruthAboutLyingJudithViorst1.I'vebeenwantingtowriteonasubjectthatintriguesandchallengesme:thesubjectoflying.I'vefounditverydifficulttodo.EveryoneI'vetalkedtohasaquiteintenseandpersonalbutoftenratherintolerantpointofviewaboutwhatwecan—andcannevernever—tellliesabout
2、.I'vefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatIcan'tpresentanyultimateconclusions,fortoomanypeoplewouldpromptlydisagree.Instead,I'dliketopresentaseriesofmoralpuzzles,allconcernedwithlying.I'lltellyouwhatIthinkaboutthem.Doyouagree?关于说谎的真相朱迪斯·维奥斯特 我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题:关于说谎的问题。我
3、觉得这个题目很难写。所有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎——什么事情绝对不可以说谎——持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。最后我得出结论,我不能下任何定论,因为这样做就会有太多的人立即反对。我想我还是提出若干都与说谎有关的道义上的难题吧。我将向读者阐明我对这些难题的个人看法。你们觉得对吗?SocialLies2.MostofthepeopleI'vetalkedwithsaythattheyfindsociallyingacceptableandnecessary.Theythinkit'sthecivilizedwayfo
4、rfolkstobehave.Withouttheselittlewhitelies,theysay,ourrelationshipswouldbeshortandbrutishandnasty.It'sarrogant,theysay,toinsistonbeingsoincorruptibleandsobravethatyoucauseotherpeopleunnecessaryembarrassmentorpainbycompulsivelyassailingthemwithyourhonesty.Ibasicallyag
5、ree.Whataboutyou?社交性谎言 和我交谈过的大多数人都说,他们认为旨在促进社会交际的谎言是可以接受的,也是必要的。他们认为这是一种文明的行为。他们说,要不是这类无关紧要的谎言,人与人之间的关系就会变得粗野不快,无法持久。他们说,如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏,不由自主地用你的诚实使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中,这只能说你是傲慢自大。对此,我基本赞同。你呢?3.Willyousaytopeople,whenitsimplyisn'ttrue,"Ilikeyournewhairdo,""You'relo
6、okingmuchbetter,""it'ssonicetoseeyou,""Ihadawonderfultime"? 你会不会跟人说:“我喜欢你的新发型,”“你气色好多了,”“见到你真高兴,”“我玩得很尽兴,”而实际上根本不是这么回事儿?4.Willyoupraisehideouspresentsandhomelykids? 你会不会对令人憎厌的礼物,或相貌平平的孩子称赞有加?5.Willyoudeclineinvitationswith"We'rebusythatnight—sosorrywecan'tc
7、ome,"whenthetruthisyou'dratherstayhomethandinewiththeSo-and-sos? 你婉辞邀请时会不会说“那天晚上我们正好没空——真对不起,我们不能来,”而实际上你是宁肯呆在家里也不想跟某某夫妇一起进餐?6.Andeventhough,asIdo,youmaypreferthepoliteevasionof"Youreallycookedupastorm"insteadof"Thesoup"—whichtasteslikewarmed-overcoffee—"iswonde
8、rful,"willyou,ifyoumust,proclaimitwonderful? 虽然像我那样,你也想用“太丰盛了”这种委婉的托辞,而不是盛赞“那汤味道好极了”(其实味同重新热过的咖啡),但如果你必须赞美那汤,你会说它鲜美吗?7.There's