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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译出处:AmericanJournalofAgriculturalEconomics(00029092)作者:CookMichaelLTHEFUTUREOFU.S.AGRICULTURALCOOPERATIVES:ANEO-INSTITUTIONALAPPROACHThirtyyearsagoHelmbergerspeculatedthatindustrializationofagriculturewouldleadtothedemiseoffarmercooperatives(Hel
2、mberger1966,p.1434).InrespondingtoHelmberger'sprediction,Abrahamsencounteredbysuggestingthatasindustrializationofagricultureevolved,cooperativeswouldincreasinglybecomethe"farmer'sintegratingagency"(Abrahamsen,p.1442).InthispaperIexaminethesetwodivergento
3、pinionsby(a)brieflydescribingthestructuralandstrategicevolutionofU.S.farmercooperativessincetheHelmbergerandAbrahamsen(H&A)forecasts,(b)utilizingrecentdevelopmentsinneo-institutionaleconomic(organizationaleconomic)theorytogeneratehypothesesregardingstruc
4、turalandstrategicshiftsinU.S.agriculturalcooperatives,and(c)furtherapplyingneo-institutionaleconomicstospeculatewhatthefuturemightholdforU.S.producer-ownedand-controlledagriculturalcooperatives.EvolutionofU.S.AgriculturalCooperativesMostU.S.agriculturalc
5、ooperativesoriginatedintheearly1900sbecauseofacombinationofeconomic,farmorganization,andpublicpolicyfactors.Duringtheensuingfortyyears,U.S.farmercooperativesslowlybutconsistentlyincreasedtheiraggregatemarketsharesofinputshandled,farmmarketings,andservice
6、sprovided.BythetimeH&Amadetheirpredictions,cooperativemarketshareshadgrownto24%offarmmarketingsand15%ofpurchasedinputs(table1).[1]InthetwentyyearsfollowingtheH&Aforecasts,cooperativemarketsharesforfarmmarketingsandpurchasedinputscontinuedtoincreaseuntilt
7、heyreached30%and28%,respectively,in1982.Thesubsequentfarmdepressionsawareversalofmarketsharegrowth;adeclineto25%inbothfarmmarketingsandinputsuppliesby1987-88.Sincethisrecentnadir,cooperativemarketshareshaveagainincreasedeachyearuntiltheyreached1982levels
8、of30%and28%in1993.Aggregatemarketsharenumbersindicategeneralincreasesanddecreasesinproducercollectiveaction,butspecificcommoditymarketsharesprovidemoreinformationinanalyzingstructuralchange.Cooperativemarketsharesinfarmmar