Industrial Ecology in Practice【外文翻译】

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1、原文：IndustrialEcologyinPractice—TheEvolutionofInterdependenceatKalundborg出处：journalofIndustrialEcology作者：JohnEhrenfeldNicholasGertlerSummaryTheexchangeofwastes,by-products,andenergyamongcloselysituatedfirmsisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesoftheapplicationsofindustrialecologicalprinciples.Theexch

2、angeofwastes,by-products,andenergyamongcloselysituatedfirmsisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesoftheapplicationsofindustrialecologicalprinciples.ThisarticleexaminestheindustrialdistrictatKalundborg,Denmark,oftenlabeledasan“industrialecosystem”or“industrialsymbiosis”becauseofthemanylinksamongthefir

3、ms.Theforcesthatledtoitsevolutionandtotheinterdependenciesaredescribedandanalyzed.Keyhasbeenasequenceofindependent,economicallydrivenactions.OtherpotentialformsofindustriallinkagesarecriticallyreviewedinthelightoftheKalundborgexperience.TheevolutionarypatternfollowedatKalundborgmaynotbeeasi

4、lytransferabletogreenfielddevelopments.Keywords：Eco-industrialparkgreentwinningindustrialecosystemsindustrialsymbiosisislandsofsustainabilityKalundborgIntroductionIndustrialecologyisanewconceptemergingintheevolutionofenvironmentalmanagementparadigms(Ehrenfeld1995),andspringsfrominterestsini

5、ntegratingnotionsofsustainabilityintoenvironmentalandeconomicsystems(Allenby1992;Jelinskietal.1992;AllenandBehmanish1994;Ehrenfeld1995).Environmentalthinkinghasrecentlyfocusedonaconsciousnessoftheintimateandcriticalrelationshipsbetweenhumanactionsandthenaturalworld,andreflectslimitsinthecur

6、rentrelianceoncommand-and-controlregulationinmuchoftheindustrializedworld.Thecriticalproblemisthat,forthemostpart,theeconomyoperatesasanopensystem,drawingrawmaterialsfromtheenvironmentandreturningvastamountsofunusedby-productsintheformofpollutionandwaste.Theproductsthatfirmsmarketareonlyasm

7、allportionofwhattheirprocessesturnout;asignificantportionoftheiroutputeventuallyleavestheeconomyaswasteandreturnstotheenvironmentinformsthatmaystressitunacceptably.Aslongasattentionislimitedtoproductsandprocessesviewedinisolation,largersystemicproblems,s