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1、XX年高考英语语法精要讲解一:名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题名词的数:单数、复数和不可数;名词的格:通格和属格('S)名词的限定:特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法,即名词前加冠词或其它限定词,例如:some,many,this,my等2、名词的数和单位词1)复型名词+复数动词Thetrousersaretoobigforme・Pleaseshowmethesmallerpai备用词:shoes,stockings,glasses,socksNOTICE:Apairofglassescostsquitealot・2)复型名词+单数动词A.Thenewson
2、TVisseldomsatisfying・备用词:mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theUnitedStatesB.Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk・备用词:fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks3)集合名词+复数名词Thepolicehavesurroundedthebuilding・Cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录)・备用词:theenemy,(the)peopleNOTICE:表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,但若
3、把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:Myfamilyarewonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.Thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostissmallerthanitusedtobe・4)不可数名词作可数的情况A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况a(an)+adj.+n.Itlookslikerain・athirstyforknowledge(求矢口欲)aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.备用词:snow,breakfast,wine,oil,e
4、ducationB.口语特例(特定场合)A(One)beer,please・Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.5)既是可数又是不可数的名词Ibrokeaglassthismorning・(杯子)Glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)备用词:paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)6)单位词A.个数apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)B.以形状表示个数agrainofrice,
5、aflightofstairsc.容量aboxofmatches,acupofteaD.计量ametreofcloth,atonofcoalE.其它a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)3、名词的格:1)'s的用法A.与时间有关的名词anighssleeptenminutes,walkNOTICE:atwo-hourwalk=twohours"walkB.和else连用bookcanthisbe?K.WhoeIse'sB・WhoseelseA.Who"seiseB.Whoseelse"s(A)A.修饰的词,如果前面提到,可
6、省略Thisisjack"sbook,notTom"s.Thisbookisjack"snotTom"s.B.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,,s后面的名词省略attheGreen's(house),atthedoctors(office)2)OF结构表示所有关系A.无生命的名词用ofthepriceofthesuccessB•有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用ofCan,tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?3)双重所有格's与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等M
7、issSmithisafriendofMarysmother,s.thatbrotherofthegirl4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)A.单数名词+名词ashoe(flower)shopticketofficeNOTICE:thetailor's(shop)B.复数名词+名词sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots