Hantavirus infections in humans and animals, China

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1、HantavirusInfectionsinHumansandAnimals,ChinaYong-ZhenZhang,YangZou,ZhenF.Fu,andAlexanderPlyusninHemorrhagicfeverwithrenalsyndrome(HFRS)isaHFRScasesarereported,mostlyfromthePeople’sRepub-seriouspublichealthprobleminthePeople’sRepublicoflicofChina(7).China.Although7sero/genotypesofhantaviru

2、seshaveTodate,7sero/genotypesofhantaviruseshavebeenbeenfoundinrodents,onlyHantaanvirus(carriedbyidentifiedinChina(8).Ofthese,onlyHantaanvirusApodemusagrariusmice)andSeoulvirus(carriedbyRat-(HTNV),carriedbyApodemusagrariusmice,andSeoultusnorvegicusrats)reportedlycausediseaseinhumans.virus(S

3、EOV),carriedbyRattusnorvegicusrats,causeDuring1950–2007,atotalof1,557,622casesofHFRSinHFRS(8–11).Despiteintensivemeasuresimplementedinhumansand46,427deaths(3%)werereportedinChina.thepast3decades,HFRSremainsamajorpublichealthHFRShasbeenreportedin29of31provincesinChina.Afterimplementationof

4、comprehensivepreventivemea-probleminChina(10).sures,includingvaccination,inthepastdecadeinChina,incidenceofHFRShasdramaticallydecreased;only11,248IncidenceandMortalityRatesHFRScaseswerereportedin2007.Mortalityratesalsode-HFRS-likediseasewasdescribedinChinesewritingsclinedfromthehighestlev

5、elof14.2%in1969to≈1%dur-≈1,000yearsago.Thenintheearly1930s,HFRScasesing1995–2007.However,thenumbersofHFRScasesandamongJapanesesoldiersinnortheasternChinawerereport-deathsinChinaremainthehighestintheworld.ed(9).Subsequently,HFRScaseshavebeenreportedeachyearinChina,>30,000casesduring1931–19

6、49(9).Sinceuringthepastdecade,hantaviruseshavegainedworld-1950,HFRShasbeenlistedasaclassBnotifiabledisease.Dwideattentionasemergingzoonoticpathogens(1–3).Before1982,HFRScasesweredefinedbyanationalstan-Hantaviruses,whichbelongtothefamilyBunyaviridae,ge-dardofclinicalcriteria;andstartingin198

7、2,caseswerenusHantavirus,areenveloped,single-stranded,negative-alsoconfirmedbydetectionofantibodiesagainsthantavi-senseRNAviruses.Transmissionamongrodentsandfromrusinpatients’serumsamples.Seriousepidemicsoccurredrodentstohumansgenerallyoccursthroughinhalationofduring