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1、Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2007) 26:755–766DOI 10.1007/s10096-007-0373-6REVIEWCurrent status of fungal cell wall componentsin the immunodiagnostics of invasive fungal infectionsin humans: galactomannan, mannanand (1→3)-β-D-glucan antigensA. Kędzierska & P. Kochan & A.
2、Pietrzyk & J. KędzierskaPublished online: 2 August 2007# Springer-Verlag 2007Abstract Early diagnosis of fungal infections and theimplementation of appropriate treatment represent majorissues for clinicians, nowadays. Histopathological demon-stration of microorganisms in tis
3、sue specimens or growth offungal agents in culture media is still considered the “goldstandard”, but obtaining such specimens may be difficult.Several groups have investigated serological assays for cellwall elements unique to fungal organisms in serum or otherbody fluids to
4、 improve diagnostics in patients withhaematological malignancies or undergoing haematopoieticstem-cell transplantation. In this review we have concen-trated on the currently available assays allowing for detectionof highly immunogenic components of fungal cell wall:galactoma
5、nnan, mannan, and also (1→3)-β-D-glucan. Rapidserological tests appear to be useful for screening high-riskhaematological patients, since they allow for the earlydiagnosis of invasive fungal infections, including infectionswith the most common pathogens such as Aspergillus a
6、ndA. KędzierskaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Chair of ClinicalImmunology and Transplantology,Polish-American Institute of Paediatrics,Jagiellonian University Medical College,265 Wielicka Street,30-663 Cracow, PolandP. Kochan (*) : A. PietrzykChair of Microbiology, Jag
7、iellonian University Medical College,18 Czysta Street,31-121 Cracow, Polande-mail: pkochan@cm-uj.krakow.plJ. KędzierskaDepartment of Diagnostics, Laboratory of Microbiology,University Hospital,15b Kopernika Street,31501 Cracow, PolandCandida. Based on current literature, fa
8、ctors increasing theprobability of obtaining false-positive or false-negati