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1、www.advmat.dewww.MaterialsViews.comBeyondIntercalation-BasedLi-IonBatteries:TheStateoftheArtandChallengesofElectrodeMaterialsReactingThroughConversionReactionsByJordiCabana,LaureMonconduit,DominiqueLarcher,andM.RosaPalacín*PROGRESSREPORTisamust.Amongthevariousenergycon-Despi
2、tetheimminentcommercialintroductionofLi-ionbatteriesinelectricversion/storagesystemsproposedoverthedrivevehiclesandtheirproposeduseasenablersofsmartgridsbasedontwolastcenturies,electrochemicalstorageandmorespecificallybatteriesseemtorenewableenergytechnologies,anintensiveques
3、tfornewelectrodemate-beverywellpositionedtosatisfytheserialsthatbringaboutimprovementsinenergydensity,cyclelife,cost,andneeds,butresearchtomeettheapplicationsafetyisstillunderway.ThisProgressReporthighlightstherecentdevelop-requirementsisstillanimperiousneed.[1]mentsandthefu
4、tureprospectsoftheuseofphasesthatreactthroughcon-Lithium-ionbatterieswerefirstcom-versionreactionsasbothpositiveandnegativeelectrodematerialsinLi-ionmercializedin1990[2]asanaturalresultbatteries.Bymovingbeyondclassicalintercalationreactions,avarietyoflowoftheextensiveknowledg
5、einintercala-tionchemistryaccumulatedbyinorganiccostcompoundswithgravimetricspecificcapacitiesthataretwo-to-fivetimesandsolidstatechemistsinthe1970s.[3,4]largerthanthoseattainedwithcurrentlyusedmaterials,suchasgraphiteThefirstgenerationofsuchbatteriesandLiCoO2,canbeachieved.Non
6、etheless,severalfactorscurrentlyhandicapallowedstoringmorethantwicethetheapplicabilityofelectrodematerialsentailingconversionreactions.Theseenergycomparedtonickelorleadbatteriesfactors,togetherwiththescientificbreakthroughsthatarenecessarytofullyofthesamesizeandmass.Itconsist
7、edassessthepracticalityofthisconcept,arereviewedinthisreport.ofLiCoO2andcarbonatthepositiveandnegativeelectrode,respectively,theredoxoperationofbothversuslithiumbeingbasedonintercalationreactions.Thus,one1.Introductioncanconsiderthatintercalationchemistrydeservessomeofthehon
8、oursgrantedtothelithium-iontechnologyinthedevelop-Currentconcernaboutlimite
