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1、TheSociety&CultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLectureFourTheBritishGovernment&itsJudicialSystemTheBritishGovernment&ItsJudicialSystemTheGovernment;JudicialSystem;ThePoliticalParties&GeneralElection.I.TheGovernmentThePoliticalSystemoftheUK;IntroductiontotheUK’sGover
2、nment;TheParliament.I.TheGovernmentThePoliticalSystemoftheUKTheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy,whichhasbeenpractisedsincetheGloriousrevolutionof1688;Theheadofstateisakingorqueen;TheSovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule(统而不治).I.TheGovernmentConstitutionalMonarchyAccordi
3、ngtothissystem,theConstitutionissuperiortotheMonarch；Themonarchactuallyhasnorealpower,doingwhattheParliamentandthePrimeMinisterwanthim/hertodo.Inlaw,theMonarchhasmanysupremepowers,butinpractice,therealpowerofmonarchyhasbeengreatlyreduced&limitedbylawandParliament.I.The
4、GovernmentTheConstitutionofUKThereisnowrittenconstitutionintheUK,i.e.,theBritishconstitutionisnotsetoutinanysingledocument;Itismadeupofstatutelaw,commonlawandconventions,etc.I.TheGovernmentThreeTiersofUK’sGovernmentTheCentralGovernment;TheCountyGovernment;TheDistrictgo
5、vernment.I.TheGovernmentStructureofCentralGovernmentTheMonarchParliamentTheCabinet“ElizabeththeSecond,bytheGraceofGodoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandandHerOtherRealmsandTerritories,Queen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderoftheFaith.上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其
6、他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。”ElizabethIII.TheGovernmentTheRolesoftheMonarchyThesymbolofthewholenation;Headoftheexecutive,andintegralpartofthelegislature;Headofthejudiciary;Thecommander-in-chiefofallthearmedforces;The“SupremeGovernor”oftheestablishedChurchofEngland.I.Th
7、eGovernmentMainAuthoritiesunderConstitutionalMonarchySummons,prorogues(休会),&dissolvesParliament;GivesRoyalAssent(御准)toBillspassedbyParliament;AppointsthePrimeMinister&governmenthighofficials;conferspeerages,knighthoodsandotherhonors;RepresentsBritainathome&abroad,hasth
8、epowertodeclarewarandmakepeace,toconcludetreaties,aswellastorecognizeforeignstates&governments.I.TheGovernmentTheSucc
