Individual Learner Differences AL

《Individual Learner Differences AL》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、IndividualLearnerDifferencesFactorslistedasinfluencingindividuallearnerdifferencesinLanguagelearninginthreesurveysAltman(1980)Skehan(1989)Larsen-Freeman&Long(1991)1.Age2.Sex3.Previousexperiencewithlanguagelearning4.Proficiencyinthenativelanguage5.personalityfacto

2、rs6.Languageaptitude7.Attitudesandmotivation8.Generalintelligence(IQ)9.Sensemodalitypreference10.Sociologicalpreference(e.g.Learningwithpeersvs.learningwiththeteacher)11.Cognitivestyles12.Learnerstrategies1.Languageaptitude2.Motivation3.languagelearningstrategies

3、4.Cognitiveandeffectivefactorsa.extroversion/introversionb.risk-takingc.intelligenced.fieldindependencee.anxiety1.Age2.Socio-psychologicalfactorsa.motivationb.attitude3.Personalitya.self-esteemb.extroversionc.anxietyd.risk-takinge.sensitivitytorejectionf.empathyg

4、.inhibitionh.toleranceofambiguity4.Cognitivestylea.fieldindependenceb.fielddependencec.reflexivity/impulsivityd.aural/visuale.analytic/gestalt5.Hemispherespecialization6.Learningstrategies7.Otherfactorse.g.memory,sex(1)Individuallearnerdifferences-beliefsaboutlan

5、guagelearning-affectivestates-generalfactorsLearningprocessesandmechanisms(2)learnerstrategies(3)LanguagelearningOutcomes-onproficiency-onachievement-onrateofacquisitionAframeworkforinvestigatingindividuallearnerdifferencesClassifications1)Chastain(1975):“affecti

6、veandabilityfactors”2)Gardner(1979):“attitudinalandmotivationalcharacteristics”3)Hawkey(1982):“affective,cognitive,andsocialfactors”4)Ellis(1994):personalandgeneralfactors1.Anxiety1.1DefinitionofanxietyDuly(1982):anxietyofability:thegeneraltendencyofanxietyoccurr

7、inginSLAlearninganxietyofstate:theanxietyoccurringinparticularlearningsituationstraitanxiety:“amorepermanentpredispositiontobeanxious”(Scovel,1978)stateanxiety:“apprehensionexperiencedataparticularmomentintimeasaresponsetoadefinitesituation(Ellis:1997)”situationa

8、l-specificanxiety:“arousedbyaspecifictypeofsituationoreventsuchaspublicspeaking,examinations,orclassparticipation(Ellis:1997)”relativelyauthoritativedistinctio