Positive Psychology An Empirical Examination of Beneficial

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1、PsychologyofMen&Masculinity©2010AmericanPsychologicalAssociation2010,Vol.11,No.4,303–3181524-9220/10/$12.00DOI:10.1037/a0019056PositivePsychology:AnEmpiricalExaminationofBeneficialAspectsofEndorsementofMasculineNormsJosephH.HammerGlennE.GoodIowaStateUniversityUniversityofMissouriThisstudyexpl

2、oredtherelationsamongNorthAmericanmasculinenorms,positivepsychologystrengths,andpsychologicalwell-beinginasampleof250menranginginagefrom18to79.Resultsindicatethatmen’sgreaterendorsementoftraditionalWesternmasculinenormssuchasrisk-taking,dominance,primacyofwork,andpursuitofstatus,wasassociate

3、dwithhigherlevelsofpersonalcourage,autonomy,endurance,andresilience.However,conformitytothenormsofwinning,emotionalcontrol,self-reliance,andpursuitofstatuswasassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpersonalcourage,grit,personalcontrol,autonomy,andresilience.Directionsforfutureresearchandimplicationsforpr

4、acticeareprovided.Keywords:men,masculinity,positivepsychology,strengths,resilienceOverthepast30years,scholarsinthepsy-cordingtoanandrocentricframework,leadingchologyofmenhavedocumentedthemultitudetotheunintentionalreinforcementoflowself-ofnegativeoutcomesassociatedwithWhite,esteemingirlsandw

5、omen(Young-EisendrathNorthAmericantraditionalmasculinegender&Wiedemann,1990).Itwasonlywiththeroles.Forexample,empiricalresearchhasacknowledgmentofwomen’sstrengths,suchasfoundthatmenwhoconforminthought,affect,emotionalexpressiveness,thatamoreholisticandactiontocurrentlydominant(“hegemonic”)an

6、dempatheticunderstandingofwomencamemasculinenormsaremoreviolentandaggres-tothefore.Likewise,focusingonlyonwhatissive(Locke&Mahalik,2005),moretolerantofwrongwithmenmayobscureabalanced,data-sexualharassment(Glomb&Espelage,2005),basedunderstandingoftheeffectsofmen’smorelikelytoabusesubstances(M

7、onk&Ric-endorsementand/ordeviationfromtraditionalciardelli,2003),andlesslikelytoengageinmasculinenorms.Thislackofempiricalknowl-health-promotingbehaviors(Mahalik,Lagan,&edgemaylimitmentalhealthprofessionals’Morrison,2006).Indeed,the“darkside”ofabil