Positive Psychology An Empirical Examination of Beneficial (1)

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1、PsychologyofMen&Masculinity©2010AmericanPsychologicalAssociation2010,Vol.11,No.4,303–3181524-9220/10/$12.00DOI:10.1037/a0019056PositivePsychology:AnEmpiricalExaminationofBeneficialAspectsofEndorsementofMasculineNormsJosephH.HammerGlennE.GoodIowaStateUniversity

2、UniversityofMissouriThisstudyexploredtherelationsamongNorthAmericanmasculinenorms,positivepsychologystrengths,andpsychologicalwell-beinginasampleof250menranginginagefrom18to79.Resultsindicatethatmen’sgreaterendorsementoftraditionalWesternmasculinenormssuchasr

3、isk-taking,dominance,primacyofwork,andpursuitofstatus,wasassociatedwithhigherlevelsofpersonalcourage,autonomy,endurance,andresilience.However,conformitytothenormsofwinning,emotionalcontrol,self-reliance,andpursuitofstatuswasassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpersonal

4、courage,grit,personalcontrol,autonomy,andresilience.Directionsforfutureresearchandimplicationsforpracticeareprovided.Keywords:men,masculinity,positivepsychology,strengths,resilienceOverthepast30years,scholarsinthepsy-cordingtoanandrocentricframework,leadingch

5、ologyofmenhavedocumentedthemultitudetotheunintentionalreinforcementoflowself-ofnegativeoutcomesassociatedwithWhite,esteemingirlsandwomen(Young-EisendrathNorthAmericantraditionalmasculinegender&Wiedemann,1990).Itwasonlywiththeroles.Forexample,empiricalresearch

6、hasacknowledgmentofwomen’sstrengths,suchasfoundthatmenwhoconforminthought,affect,emotionalexpressiveness,thatamoreholisticandactiontocurrentlydominant(“hegemonic”)andempatheticunderstandingofwomencamemasculinenormsaremoreviolentandaggres-tothefore.Likewise,fo

7、cusingonlyonwhatissive(Locke&Mahalik,2005),moretolerantofwrongwithmenmayobscureabalanced,data-sexualharassment(Glomb&Espelage,2005),basedunderstandingoftheeffectsofmen’smorelikelytoabusesubstances(Monk&Ric-endorsementand/ordeviationfromtraditionalciardelli,20

8、03),andlesslikelytoengageinmasculinenorms.Thislackofempiricalknowl-health-promotingbehaviors(Mahalik,Lagan,&edgemaylimitmentalhealthprofessionals’Morrison,2006).Indeed,the“darkside”ofabil