英国文学简史笔记(完整版)

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1、Chapter1伊丽莎白统治之前的时代分为三个阶段：古英语（安格鲁撒克逊）时期，中世纪英语（安格鲁诺曼）时期，伊丽莎白统治前时期。大不列颠岛相继被卡尔特人、罗马人和安格鲁撒克逊人占据。【TheOldEnglish(Anglo-Saxon)Period】²TheBritishcivilizationisoneoftheoldestintheworld.sign:theStonehenge（巨石阵）prehistoricmonumentalpileofstoneslCelts（凯尔特人）wereprobablythefirstinhabitantsofthe

2、BritishIslesinrecordedhistory.lOneoftheirtribes,theBritons（不列颠人），cameoverinthe5thcenturyBC.亚瑟王传奇Arthurianlegends500yearsRomanConquest,JuliusCaesar（尤里乌斯凯撒）55BC500yearsAnglo-SaxonConquest,5thcenturylIn597ADtheAnglo-SaxonsbegantobeconvertedtoChristianity.paganelements/regularelement

3、sreligionelementslInthesecondhalfofthe7thcentury,thefirstEnglishpoet,Caedmonbyname，begantosing.lAnothercenturypassed,Beowulf.lInthe9thcentury,KingAlfreddecidedthatliteratureshouldbewritteninthevernacular（方言）ofOldEnglish.²WiththearrivalofSt.Augustinein597ADandthesubsequentspreadof

4、Christianinfluenceandclassicallearning,heathenpoetrywasmaneuveredoutofthescene.latimeofintermingling（过渡时期）ofthepaganwiththeChristiancomponentsinpoetry.l安格鲁撒克逊时期唯一完整的诗歌：Beowulf：1.ThenationalepicofEnglishpeople,apaganpoem2.Anepicofwellover3000lines.3.Thegreatestepiceverleftbytheanc

5、ientGermanictribes.4.ThemostancienteversincethedemiseoftheGreekandRomanliteratures.5.TheonlyorganicwholepoemtocomeoutoftheAnglo-Saxonperiod.6.ThestorytakesplaceinScandinavia,nomentionofEngland.7.AngloSaxon’searlylifeinEnglandTheme:Thepoemtellsthestoryofa6thcenturyhero,Beowulf.Iti

6、sbasicallyatwo-partnarrative——Beowulf’sfightwiththesea-monstersGrendelandhismotherinthefirstpart,andhiskillingafierydragonandhisdeathinthesecond.1.humandesireforsomesuperpowertoconquernature.2.greattraditionofrealism（现实主义传统）Versification:1.PaganstoryhasanChristianoverlay（覆盖物，表面）.

7、（作诗法）ThemixtureofpaganandChristianelements2.usingofkenning(一种描写手法)e.g.:seaisoften“swan’sway”or“whale-path.3.conspiciousoccurrenceofalliteration(头韵).4.narratorofthepoem,the“I”isaminstrel/scop/gleeman（吟游诗人）5.story’sdigressivemannerofnarration.6.elevatedtone（提高的音调）.7.theuseofmetapho

8、rsandunderstatements²Thenthepaganwassupe