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1、JournalofPragmatics43(2011)26732688ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofPragmaticsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/pragmaComplimentsrevisited:ContemporarycomplimentsandgenderJanieRees-Miller*ModernLanguages,MariettaCollege,215FifthStreet,Marietta,OH45750,USAARTICLEI
2、NFOABSTRACTArticlehistory:Pioneeringworkoncomplimentsbasedoncorporacollectedalmost30yearsagoReceived17March2011examinedtheformulaicandgenderednatureofcompliments.However,thepassageofReceivedinrevisedform26April2011timeandquestionsaboutcollectionmethodsjustifyanewdatacollectionandan
3、alysis.Accepted30April2011ThisarticleisbasedontwocorporaofcomplimentsamongstatusequalscollectedonaAvailableonline12June2011smallMidwesterncampusintheUSin2008and2010.Analysisofthecorporarevealstheimportanceofdistinguishingbetweencomplimentsgiveninunstructuredversusgoal-Keywords:orie
4、ntedsettings.Inunstructuredsettings,appearancecomplimentsbetweenwomenonGenderComplimentsapparelandhairstylepredominatedandservedasphaticcommunicationthatreinforcedAppearancecomplimentsthenormofeffortfulattentiontodailyappearance.Ingoal-orientedsettings,however,Performancecompliment
5、smenandwomengaveandreceivedcomplimentsonanalmostequalbasis,withmenMasculinitygivingandreceivingslightlymorecomplimentsthanwomen.Forbothmenandwomen,Femininitycomplimentsonperformancefaroutnumberedallothertopicsingoal-orientedsettings.Mensuseofperformancecomplimentsonsportsinunstruct
6、uredsettings,however,suggeststhatmenusedthesetypesofcomplimentstoeachothertoreinforcevaluesofheterosexualmasculinity.Throughthetypesofcomplimentstheygave,menandwomenrevealedgenderedvalues.ß2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionSincedatacollectionsofcomplimentsinEnglishint
7、helate1970sandearly1980sbyManesandWolfson(1981),Wolfson(1983),Holmes(1986,1988,1998),andHerbert(1986,1990),ithasbecomecommonplacetoreadintheliteratureaboutgenderandlanguagethatwomengiveandreceivemorecomplimentsthanmenandthatcomplimentstowomenfocusprimarilyonappearance,whereasthefav
8、oredtopicofmalecompliments
