ActiveVoiceVersusPassiveVoice：主动语态和被动语态

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1、ActiveVoiceVersusPassiveVoiceMakingYourWritingMoreVigorousandConciseObjectivesDefineactiveandpassivevoiceRecognizethedifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevoiceCitetworeasonswhyonewouldusepassiveinsteadofactivevoiceChangepassiveconstructionstoactiveconstruct

2、ionsDefiningActiveandPassiveVoiceACTIVEVOICEThesubjectDOEStheactionPASSIVEVOICEThesubjectRECEIVEStheactionUsesa“helper”versionof“tobe”alongwiththeparticipleformoftheverbExamplesofActive-PassiveVerbs(PresentTense)SpeaksFliesManipulatesUnderstandsIsspokenIs

3、flownIsManipulatedIsUnderstoodDifferentFormsSpeaksSpokeWillspeakIsspokenWasspokenWillbespokenPassivevoice,justlikeactivevoice,canappearinthepresent,thepast,andthefuture:PracticewithtenseonlineTwoReasonstoUsePassiveVoice1.Whentheperson/thingreceivingtheac

4、tionisthefocusofthesentenceWhenwhatisdoingtheactionisunknown,doesn’twishtobeknown,orisirrelevant/obvious.Reason#1Theperson/thingreceivingtheactionisthefocusofthesentence:ThelatestdeathsinIraqwerereportedontheeveningnewsbyKatieCouric.Reason#2ThePerson/Thin

5、gDoingtheAction:Isn’tKnownThenotewasleftonthedoorstepDoesn’tWishtoBeKnownThecigaretteadsweretargetedatayoungaudience.Isn’tRelevantorIsObvious:ThepresidentwaselectedbyalandslideThemeetingwasrunbyJennie.Jennieranthemeeting.Wewillbenotifiedofthesituationbyam

6、essageontheradio.Amessageontheradiowillnotifyusofthesituation.ChangefromPassivetoActiveVoiceNowTryThisOneTimmywasraisedbyhisauntMarie.Timmy’sAuntMarieraisedhim.(unlessyouwishtofocusonTimmyinyouressay/paragraph/etc--inthiscase,you’dleaveitasis)OneMorePract

7、iceThepackagewasdeliveredbeforetheholiday.Leaveasis--wecanassumethatsomedeliveryservicedeliveredthepackage,plus,it’snotreallyimportantwhodeliveredthepackage.Thehabitualuseoftheactivevoice,however,makesforforciblewriting.Thisistruenotonlyinnarrativeprincip

8、allyconcernedwithaction,butinwritingofanykind.Manyatamesentenceofdescriptionorexpositioncanbemadelivelyandemphaticbysubstitutingatransitiveintheactivevoiceforsomesuchperfunctoryexpressionasthereis,orcouldbeheard.--W