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时间:2018-07-07
《主动语态和被动语态》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、主动语态和被动语态一.语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,要用主动语态。如:WespeakChineseinChina.在中国我们说汉语。如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。如:ChineseisspokenbyusinChina.在中国汉语被我们说。二、主动语态改成被动语态方法1.将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;2.谓语动词变为"be+及物动词的过去分词",并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);例:1.Brucewritesal
2、ettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.三、被动语态在各种时态中的用法:1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.4过去完成时的被动语态,h
3、adbeen+动词过去分词。Theworkerswokeuptofindthatworkhadbeendoneovernight.工人醒来后发现工作已经被连夜干完。Hesaidthathewouldn'tgototheopeningceremonybecausehehadn'tbeeninvited.他说过他不会参加开幕式,因为他没被邀请。5将来完成时的被动语态,willhavebeen+动词过去分词。Bytheendofnextyear,manymorehigh-riseswillhavebeenbuiltaroundthere.到明年年底的时候,这里会
4、建立起更多的高楼。Allthehouseworkwillhavebeenfinishedbeforemymothercomesback.在我妈回来之前,所有的家务都会被干完6.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+be+及物动词的过去分词Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.7过去将来时的被动,wouldbe+动词过去分词。Weweretoldthattheirweddingwouldbeheldinthechurch.我们被告知他们的婚礼将在教堂举行。Weheardthattheexamresultswouldbeannou
5、ncedthenextweek.我们听说考试结果将在下周宣布。8.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.9过去进行时的被动语态,was(were)being+动词过去分词。Twooftheglasseswerebrokenwhentheywerebeingwashed.在清洗时,有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。Wehadtotakeanotherwaybecausetheroadwasbeingrepaired.
6、我们不得不改道,因为那条路正在被修理。10含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.11不定式的被动语态:to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:1.不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。A.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cu
7、t,burn,drive,peel等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动形式表被动意义。如:Thisorangepeelseasily.这个橘子很容易剥皮。Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.这种样式的衬衫很好卖。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布耐洗。Thecardriveswell.这辆车很好开。B3.look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。如:Uniformslookuglyonus.我们穿着制服很难看。Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼
8、尝起来很好。Thesongsoundswonderful.这首歌听
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