The Reshaping of Mexican Labor Exports under NAFTA： Paradoxes and Challenges

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1、TheReshapingofMexicanLaborBlackwellPublishingLtdOxford,UKIMREInternationalMigrationReview0197-91832007bytheCenterforMigrationStudiesofNewYork.AllrightsreservedXXXOriginalArticles⅞⅝⅓¾⅞ExportsunderNAFTA:ParadoxesandChallengesRaúlDelgado-WiseAuton

2、omousUniversityofZacatecasHumbertoMárquezCovarrubiasAutonomousUniversityofZacatecasFromtheperspectiveofthepoliticaleconomyofdevelopment,thisarticleanalyzestheroleplayedbyMexicanlaborintheU.S.productiverestructur-ingprocessundertheaegisoftheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.Byconceptualizingt

3、helaborexport–ledmodelitdissectsthreebasicmechanismsofregionaleconomicintegration:maquiladoras,disguisedmaquilas,andlabormigration.NotonlydoesthisanalyticalframeworkcastlightonthecontributionsmadebyMexicanmigrantstotheeconomiesoftheUnitedStatesandMexico,italsorevealstwoparadoxes:thebroaden

4、-ingofthesocioeconomicasymmetriesbetweenthetwocountries,andincreasedsocioeconomicdependenceonremittancesinMexico.INTRODUCTIONAsaresultoftheongoingintegrationoftheMexicaneconomywiththatoftheUnitedStates,fueledbytheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA),MexicohasbecometheleadingexporterinLat

5、inAmericaandthethirteenth-largestintheworld.Atfirstsight,thisfactwouldappeartoconfirmthecountry’sentryintotheso-calledFirstWorld,aswaspromisedbytheproponentsofneoliberalreform.Nevertheless,Mexicoisalsotheworld’sleadingexporterofmigrantworkers,almostallofwhomheadfortheUnitedStates,whichisasso

6、ciatedwiththeexpansionoftheasymmetriesbetweenthetwocountriesandtheexacerbationofphenomenasuchasemploymentinsecurity,poverty,andsocialmarginalization–aconditionwerefertoasprecarization.1Whatistheexplanationforthisparadoxofregionaleconomicintegrationsupposedlybasedontheneoclassicalprincipleo

7、fconvergencearisingfrom“freetrade”?1Precarizationisaconceptutilizedheretodescribeanincreasingchangeofpreviouslyguaranteedpermanentemploymentconditionsintomainlyworse-paid,uncertainjobs.©2007bytheCenterforMigrationStudiesofNewYork.Allrightsreserved.DOI:10.1111/