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1、10FutureAeroEngineDesigns:AnEvolvingVisionKonstantinosG.KyprianidisChalmersUniversityofTechnologySweden1.IntroductionPublicawarenessandpoliticalconcernovertheenvironmentalimpactofcivilaviationgrowthhasimprovedsubstantiallyduringthepast30years.Astheenvironmenta
2、lawarenessincreases,sodoestheeffortassociatedwithaddressingNOxandCO2emissionsbyallthepartiesinvolved.IntheVision2020reportmadebytheAdvisoryCouncilforAeronauticalResearchinEurope(2001),goalsaresettoreducenoiseandemissionsproducedbytheeverincreasingglobalairtraf
3、fic.Emissionslegislation,setbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganisation(ICAO)andit’sCommitteeonAviationEnvironmentalProtection(CAEP),isbecomingevermorestringent,creatingastrongdriverforinvestigatingnovelaeroenginedesignsthatproducelessCO2andNOxemissions.Ontheot
4、herhand,airlinecompaniesneedtocontinuouslyreducetheiroperatingcostsinordertoincrease,oratleastmaintain,theirprofitability.Thisintroducesanadditionaldesignchallengeasnewaeroenginedesignsneedtobeconceivedforreducedenvironmentalimpactaswellasdirectoperatingcosts.D
5、ecisionmakingonoptimalenginecycleselectionneedstoconsidermissionfuelburn,directoperatingcosts,engineandairframenoise,emissionsandglobalwarmingimpact.CO2emissionsaredirectlyproportionaltofuelburn,andthereforeanyefforttoreducethemneedstofocusonimprovingfuelburn,
6、byreducingengineSpecificFuelConsumption(SFC),weightandsize.Reducingengineweightresultsinaloweraircraftmaximumtake-offweight,whichinturnleadstoreducedthrustrequirementsforagivenaircraftlifttodragratio.Reducingenginesize–predominantlyenginenacellediameterandlengt
7、h–reducesnacelledragandthereforealsoleadstoreducedthrustrequirements.ForagivenengineSFC,areductioninthrustrequirementsessentiallyresultsinlowerfuelburn.LowerengineSFCcanbeachievedbyimprovingpropulsiveefficiencyandthermalefficiency–eitherbyreducingcomponentlosses
8、orbyimprovingthethermodynamiccycle.Improvementsinpropulsiveefficiency–andhenceengineSFCatagiventhermalefficiency–canbeachievedbydesigninganengineatalowerspecificthrust(i.e.netthrustdi
