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1、Nano-ThreadsLibraryDesign,ImplementationandEvaluationXavierMartorell,JesúsLabarta,NachoNavarro,EduardAyguadéDAC/UPCReportNo.UPC-DAC-1995-33September19951Nano-ThreadsLibraryDesign,ImplementationandEvaluationXavierMartorell,JesusLabarta,NachoNavarro,EduardAyguadeDep
2、artamentd'ArquitecturadeComputadors(DAC)UniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya(UPC)GranCapitàs/n,CampusNord,MòdulD6,08071,Barcelona,Spain{xavim,jesus,nacho,eduard}@ac.upc.esAbstract:Inthisreportwedescribethedesignandimplementationofauser-levelthreadpackagebasedonthenan
3、o-threadsprogrammingmodel,whosegoalistoeffi-cientlymanagetheapplicationparallelismatuser-level.Somemodificationsintroducedtothemodelhaveenhanceditsflexibilityandhaveallowedmoreruntimeparallelism.Itisacurrenttrendincompilertechnologytoapplydataandcontroldependenceanal
4、ysestobuildanintermediaterepresentationoftheparallelapplicationintheformofahierarchicaltaskgraph(HTG);inthisgraph,nodesaretherepresentationofpro-gramstructuresandedgesrepresentthedependenciesbetweenthem.Theback-endcompilergeneratesexecutablecodefromtheHTGandtheuse
5、r-levelthreadpackageprovidestheservicesinordertocontroltheexecutionoftheHTGnodes.Libraryservicesareexplainedshowingseveraltranslationsfromsequentialtopar-allelcode.Wehavemainlyfocusedourattentionintoloopschedulingandfunctionalparallelism.Inbothcases,thegoalistoobt
6、ainanefficientparallelexecutionofthegen-eratednano-threadsbyaccordinglybalancingtheworkassignedtoeachthreadandthethreadmanagementoverhead.Theexperimentsletusdeterminewhichistheappropri-atenumberofoperationsspreadoutamongthethreadstoensurelessthan10%ofover-head.1.In
7、troductionThenano-threadsprogrammingmodelwasfirstintroducedin[PoBK93]and[Poly93]toprovidehighlyoptimizedlight-weightthreads.Inthispaperwearegoingtodescribethedesignandimplementationofauser-levelthreadpackagebasedonthismodel.Ourenvironmentassumesthatapplications(e.g
8、.,CorFORTRANprograms)areautomaticallydecomposedbyaparallelizingcompiler.Thecompileridentifiesthemaximumparallelismoftheapplicationthroughdataandcontrolde
