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1、CHAPTERONETHEMETHODOLOGYOFSTATISTICALMECHANICSThischapterprovidesanoverviewofstatisticalmechanicsandther•modynamics.Althoughthediscussionisreasonablyself-contained,itisassumedthatthisisnotthereader'sfirstexposuretothesesubjects.Morethanmanyotherbranchesofphys
2、ics,thesetopicsaretreatedinavarietyofdifferentwaysinthetextbooksincommonusage.Theaimofthechap•teristhustoestablishtheperspectiveofthebook,thestandpointfromwhichthetopicsinthefollowingchapterswillbeviewed.ThetextbookbyBowley1isrecommendedtothenoviceasaclearly-
3、arguedintroduc•tiontothesubject;indeedallreaderswillfindmanyoftheexamplesofthisbooktreatedbythatbookinacomplementaryfashion.1.1.TerminologyandMethodology1.1.1.ApproachestothesubjectThermodynamicsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmacroscopicprop•ertiesofsystem
4、ssuchastemperature,volume,pressure,magnetisation,compressibility,etc.StatisticalMechanicsisconcernedwithunderstand•inghowthevariousmacroscopicpropertiesariseasaconsequenceofthemicroscopicnatureofthesystem.Inessenceitmakesmacroscopicdeduc•tionsfrommicroscopicm
5、odels.Thepowerofthermodynamics,asformulatedinthetraditionalman•ner(e.g.Zemansky2)isthatitsdeductionsarequitegeneral;theydonotrely,fortheirvalidity,onthemicroscopicnatureofthesystem.Einstein12TopicsinStatisticalMechanicsexpressedthisquiteimpressivelywhenhewrot
6、e3"Atheoryisthemoreimpressivethegreaterthesimplicityofitspremisesis,themoredifferentkindsofthingsitrelates,andthemoreextendedisitsareaofapplicability.Thereforethedeepimpressionwhichclassicalthermodynamicsmadeuponme;itistheonlyphysicaltheoryofuniver•salcontent
7、concerningwhichIamconvincedthat,withintheframeworkoftheapplicabilityofitsbasicconcepts,willneverbeoverthrown."Ontheotherhandstatisticalmechanics,asconventionallypresented(e.g.Hill4)issystem-specific.Onestartsfromparticularmicroscopicmod•els,saytheDebyemodelfo
8、rasolid,andderivesmacroscopicproper•tiessuchasthethermalcapacity.Itistruethatstatisticalmechanicswillgiverelationshipsbetweenthevariousmacroscopicpropertiesofasys•tem,buttheywillonlyapply
