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1、LearningandInstruction22(2012)420e430ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectLearningandInstructionjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/learninstrucTheeffectsofinter-letterspacinginvisual-wordrecognition:Evidencewithyoungnormalreadersanddevelopmentaldysl
2、exicsa,*abcManuelPerea,VictoriaPanadero,CarmenMoret-Tatay,PabloGómezaERI-Lectura,UniversitatdeValència,Valencia,SpainbUniversidadCatólicadeValencia,Valencia,SpaincDePaulUniversity,Chicago,USAarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Recentresearchhasdemonstratedthatslig
3、htincreasesofinter-letterspacinghaveapositiveimpactonReceived27August2011skilledreaders’recognitionofvisuallypresentedwords.Inthepresentstudy,weexaminedwhetherthisReceivedinrevisedformeffectgeneralisestoyoungnormalreadersandreaderswithdevelopmentaldyslexia,andwh
4、ether30March2012increasedinter-letterspacingaffectsthereadingtimesandcomprehensionofashorttext.Tothatend,Accepted2April2012weconductedaseriesoflexicaldecisionandcontinuousreadingexperimentsinwhichwordswerepresentedwiththedefaultsettingsorwithasmallincreaseininte
5、r-letterspacing.IncreasedspacingKeywords:producedshorterwordidentificationtimesnotonlywithadultskilledreaders(Experiment1),butalsoWordrecognitionwithyoungnormalreaders(Grade2andGrade4children;Experiment2)and,eventoalargerdegree,LetterpositioncodingReadingdevelopm
6、entwithreaderswithdyslexia(Experiments3and4).Theseexperimentssuggestthatslightincreasesininter-letterspacingwouldimprovethereadabilityoftextsaimedatchildren,especiallythosewithdyslexia.Ó2012ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.Introductionsurprisingifthedefaultsettin
7、gs(notbasedonempiricaldata)wereoptimal.ThevastmajorityofexperimentswithdevelopingreadersE-bookreadersandtabletsarebecomingmoreandmorehasfocusedontheimpactofsublexical/lexicalfactorsinpopularintheclassroomsasaresultoftheincominginformationvisual-wordrecognitionan
8、dreading(e.g.,length,neighbourhoodsociety.Whenreadingane-book(oradigitaldocument),wesize,orthographicconsistency,regularity,word-frequencyage-of-usuallytakeforgranted
