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1、Canintonationcontoursbelexicalised?ImplicationsfordiscoursemeaningsSashaCalhounandAntjeSchweitzerAbstractWeproposethatwordsandshortphrasesinEnglishcanalsobestoredwithintonationcontourstheyfrequentlyoccurwith,alongwiththeirdiscoursemeanings. Wepresentacorpuss
2、tudyinvestigatingintonationalcollocations,i.e. pairingsoflexicalphrasesandaccentcontours,inacorpusofconversa-tionalspeech,Switchboard. Wedevelopedanovelmethodtoidentifysimilaraccentcontours,usingautomaticpitchparameterisation(MöhlerandConkie,1998)andclusteri
3、ng. Wefoundthatintonationalcollocationsarewidespread,accountingforupto34%ofalltokens,and76%offrequentlexicaltypesinourdata. Thisshowsprimafacieevidencethatword-contourpairscanbestored. Aqualitativeanalysisoffrequentintonationalcollocationsshowedtheyareusedwi
4、thveryspecificdiscoursemeanings,consistentwithourclaimthattheyarestored. Foreach,lowerfrequencycollocateswithrelateddiscoursemeaningscouldbeidentified,consistentwiththeexemplar-theoreticpredictionthatthesediscoursemeaningscanspreadbyanalogy. Finally,wepresen
5、ttheresultsofaperceptionexperimentshowingthatfrequentwordscollocatedwithaparticularaccenttype,andlowerfrequencywordsrelatedtothefrequentcollocates,arejudgedtosoundmorenaturalthanlowfrequency,unrelatedcollocatesofthataccenttype. Thisisconsistentwiththeclaimth
6、atfrequency-basedcollocationispartofgrammar,andaffectslanguageexpectations(cf. BybeeandEdding-ton,2006).Keywords:intonationalmeaning,exemplartheory,collocations,corpuslinguistics,lexicalisation1.IntroductionConsiderthefollowingexchange:(1)A:Mydaughter’shavin
7、gsixbridesmaidsatherwedding,and500guests!B:Oh,really.Broughttoyouby
8、DeGruyter/TCSAuthenticated
9、173.9.48.25DownloadDate
10、6/17/136:20PM272SashaCalhounandAntjeSchweitzerWithdifferentintonationcontours,Bcanexpresssurpriseanddelight,feignedsurpriseanddelight,dubio
11、usnessorcontempt. Toanativespeakeratleast,theintendedconnotationisclearandprecise. Intonationisveryimpor-tanttoconveysuch“discoursemeanings”,particularlyondiscoursemarkerslikereally.Inthispaper,
