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1、Meaningsofwords---referenceandsenseShiZhangxian史章铣Class6,Grade2008No.200805440614TheSchoolofForeignLanguagesChinaWestNormalUniversityAPaperforwordmeaning2011-11-18Meaningsofwords---referenceandsenseAbstract:Itisagreedthatawordisthecombinationofword-forman
2、ditsmeaning.‘Form’referstobothitspronunciationandspelling.‘Meaning’iswhattheformstandsfor.Butthetermisnotassimpleasitseemstobe.Therearesomerelatedconceptswhichneedfurtherclarification.Inlinguistics,meaningiswhatisexpressedbythewriterorspeaker,andwhatiscon
3、veyedtothereaderorlistener,providedthattheytalkaboutthesamething(lawofidentity)[1].Inotherwords,theobjectandthenameoftheobjectandtheconceptsintheirheadarethesame.Aterm'sreferenceistheobjectthatthetermrefersto,andtheterm'ssenseisthewaythatthetermreferstoth
4、atobject.Keywords:wordmeaning,reference,sense,semantics,linguisticsI.ReferenceandSenseA.ReferenceReferenceisusedineverysphereofhumanknowledge,adoptingshadesofmeaningparticulartothecontextsinwhichitisused.Referencescantakeonmanyforms,including:athought,ase
5、nsoryperceptionthatisaudible(onomatopoeia),visual(text),olfactory,ortactile,emotionalstate,relationshipwithother,space-timecoordinate,symbolicoralpha-numeric,aphysicalobjectoranenergyprojection;Insemantics,referenceisgenerallyconstruedastherelationshipsbe
6、tweennounsorpronounsandobjectsthatarenamedbythem.Hence,theword"John"referstoJohn.Theword"it"referstosomepreviouslyspecifiedobject.Theobjectreferredtoiscalledthe"referent"oftheword.Sometimestheword-objectrelationiscalled"denotation";theworddenotestheobject
7、.Theconverserelation,therelationfromobjecttoword,iscalled"exemplification";theobjectexemplifieswhattheworddenotes.Insyntacticanalysis,ifawordreferstoapreviousword,thepreviouswordiscalledthe"antecedent".Wordsarebutsymbols,manyofwhichhavemeaningonlywhenthey
8、haveacquiredreference.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheword.‘Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichthingsintheworldarebeingtalkedabout.’Inotherwords,onlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweentheli
