英语写作手册

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1、EnglishWritingDictionDictionisthechoiceanduseofwords.TheEnglishlanguagehasabigvocabulary:asmanyas400,000wordsarecollectedintheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Ofcoursenooneknowsorusessomanywords.Onlyasmallamountofthemareusedbyordinarypeopleforordinarypurposes.Astudentlearningtowriteshou

2、ldlearntousethewordsthataremostusefulandmostoftenusedtoexpresshim.Contents1.Levelsofwords2.Themeaningofwords3.GeneralandSpecificWords4.Idioms5.Figuresofspeech英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复中英语言中用来喻人的植物的差异1.Levelsofwords词汇选择得是否准确、贴切，对文章是否能收到预期的效果致关重要。在锤炼和选择词语时，除了文章的主题、思想内容、写作目的和读者对象等以外，还必须考虑与之相适

3、应的语言层次(levelsoflanguage)。所谓语言层次，一般可归结为规范英语(standardEnglish)和非规范英语(sub-standardEnglish)。规范英语又可分为口语(spokenlanguage)和书面语(writtenlanguage),非正式语(informallanguage)和正式语(formallanguage)。例如：Officialese公文—‘Theconsumptionofanynutrimentswhatsoeveriscategoricallyprohibitedinthisestablishmen

4、t商业机构.’Official官方—‘Theconsumptionofnutrimentsisprohibited.’Formal—‘Youarerequirednottoconsumefoodinthisestablishment.’Neutral—‘Eatingisnotallowedhere.’Informal—‘Pleasedon’teathere.’Colloquial—‘Youcan’tfeedyourfacehere.’Slang—‘Layoffthenosh小吃.’Taboo—‘Layoffthefuckingnosh.’2.Them

5、eaningofwordsThemeaningofawordhastwoaspects:denotativeandconnotative外延和内涵.Aword’sdenotationiswhatitliterallymeans,asdefinedbythedictionary;itsconnotationisthefeelingorideasuggestedbyit.Forinstancecountry,nation,stateandlandhavemoreorlessthesamedenotationandmayallbetranslatedint

6、o“国家”inChinese,buttheirconnotationarequitedifferent.denotativeandconnotativeCountrymeansanareaoflandanditspopulationanditsgovernment,nationemphasizesthepeopleofacountry,statereferstothegovernmentorpoliticalorganizationofacountry,andlandislessprecisebutmoreliteraryandemotivethan

7、country.Englishisparticularlyrichinsynonymsasaresultofincorporatingwordsfromotherlanguageoverthecenturies.Butweshouldrememberthatitisdifficulttofindtwowordsthatareexactlythesameinmeaninganduse.Theymaybedifferentinstylisticlevel,inthedegreeofemphasis,inemotionalcoloring,intone语气

8、,andincollocation.differentinstylisticlevelGenerallysp