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1、CriticalReviewsinBiochemistryISSN:0045-6411(Print)(Online)Journalhomepage:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ibmg19ReverseTurnsinPeptidesandProteinJohnA.Smith,LilaG.Pease&KennethD.KoppleTocitethisarticle:JohnA.Smith,LilaG.Pease&KennethD.Kopple(1980)ReverseTurnsinPe
2、ptidesandProtein,CriticalReviewsinBiochemistry,8:4,315-399,DOI:10.3109/10409238009105470Tolinktothisarticle:http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409238009105470Publishedonline:26Sep2008.SubmityourarticletothisjournalArticleviews:1684ViewrelatedarticlesCitingarticles:10V
3、iewcitingarticlesFullTerms&Conditionsofaccessandusecanbefoundathttp://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ibmg19Downloadby:[McGillUniversityLibrary]Date:11June2016,At:09:00October1980315REVERSETURNSINPEPTIDESANDPROTEINSAuthors:JohnA.Smith'
4、DepartmentofMedicineHarvardMedicalSchoolBoston,MassachusettsLilaG.Pease*DepartmentofChemistryAmherstCollegeAmherst,MassachusettsReferee:KennethD.KoppleIllinoisInstituteofTechnologyChicago,IllinoisI.INTRODUCTIONReverseturnsarestructuralfeaturesofpeptidesandprote
5、ins,involvingthree(i.e.,ay-turn)'.'orfour(i.e.,aB-turn)'consecutiveresidues,hallmarkedbythefoldingbackonitselfofthepeptidechainandbythepresenceofanintramolecularhydrogenbond.Sincetheiroccurrenceinglobularproteinsaccountsforaboutonethirdoftheresiduesinthesemolec
6、ule^.^.^aswellasasubstantialproportionofthesurfaceresi-dues.6itislikelythatcertainreverseturnsproviderecognitionsitesfortheinitiationofcompleximmunological,endocrinological,ormetabolicreactions.Theidentifica-tionofreverseturnconformationsinvariouspeptidehormone
7、sisalsocompatiblewiththissuggestion.Further,globularproteinchains,themselveslinearpolymers,areknowntofoldintolowenergyconformations.'Inordertoachievetheseconformations,whichresultintheformationofcompactglobularproteins,thechainfrequentlychangesdirectionduringth
8、eprocessoffolding.Theregionsinwhichthischangeofdirectionoccursarereverseturns.Further,ithasbeenproposedthatreverseturnsarethenucleationsitesofproteinfolding,@and,asdiscussed
