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1、REVIEWSCelladhesion:integratingcytoskeletaldynamicsandcellulartensionJ.ThomasParsons*,AlanRickHorwitz‡andMartinA.Schwartz*Abstract
2、Cellmigrationaffectsallmorphogeneticprocessesandcontributestonumerousdiseases,includingcancerandcardiovasculardisease.Formostcellsinmostenvironments,mo
3、vementbeginswithprotrusionofthecellmembranefollowedbytheformationofnewadhesionsatthecellfrontthatlinktheactincytoskeletontothesubstratum,generationoftractionforcesthatmovethecellforwardsanddisassemblyofadhesionsatthecellrear.Adhesionformationanddisassemblydrivethemigrationcyclebyac
4、tivatingRhoGTPases,whichinturnregulateactinpolymerizationandmyosinIIactivity,andthereforeadhesiondynamics.Themorphologicalfeaturesofmigratingcellscanvaryofcytoskeletalorganization,leadingtodirectionalcellBlebbingcellAcellthatextendsaround,considerably.Round,highlyprotrusiveorblebbi
5、ngcellsmovement.Thespatiallysegregatedmigrationmachin-dynamicprocessfromtheits(forexample,lymphocytesandcancercellsinsomeeryandthesignallingprocessesthatregulatethemaremembrane.environments)areatoneextremeandseemtomigrateintegratedbythecytoskeletonandvesicletrafficking,usingweakadh
6、esions.Highlyspreadcells(forexample,whichspantheentirecell.Substratecompliancefibroblastsandendothelialcells)areattheotherextremeAlthoughcellsexpressvariouscellsurfaceadhesionAmeasureoftheelasticityofthematerialtowhichcellsandhavemanylargeadhesions;theirmigrationisoftenreceptors(in
7、cludingintegrins,syndecansandotheradhereandisrelatedtothereferredtoasbeingmesenchymal.Inreality,thereisaproteoglycans,cadherinsandcelladhesionmolecules),distanceamaterialdeformscontinuumofmigrationmodesthatseemtobedeter-theintegrinfamilyoftransmembraneheterodimericunderforce.Itisth
8、einverseofminedbyseveralfactors,amongthemostimportantreceptorsisthebeststudiedandplaysaprominentpartstiffnessandisgiveninunitsbeingsubstratecompliance(andperhapsdimensionality)incellmigration20.Integrinextracellulardomainsbindof1perPascal.andtheintrinsiccontractilityofthecells.tosp
9、ecificsequencemotifspresen