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1、5.24ComplexityinModelingofCartilageTissueEngineeringSZhou,HYe,andZCui,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK©2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.5.24.1Introduction3115.24.2NutrientsandWastes3125.24.3CellProliferation/Death3135.24.4MatrixDeposition3145.24.5Permeability/Diffusivit
2、y3165.24.6MechanicalProperty3175.24.7DifferentCultureSystems3175.24.8InVivoTissueEngineering3185.24.9Discussion318References319GlossaryfiniteelementmethodAnumericalapproachtofindACIAutologouschondrocyteimplantation,whereapproximatesolutionsforpartialdifferentialequ
3、ationschondrocytesareisolatedfromabiopsy,expandedinvitro,andintegralequations.andthenimplantedtothesiteofacartilagedefect.glycosaminoglycan(GAG)Longchainsofpolysugar,automatonAself-operatingmachine.whichoftencombinewithproteincorestoformcontinuummodelAmodelwherevar
4、iationsareproteoglycansandareoneofthemostimportantgraduallychanging,withoutdiscontinuities.componentsofcartilage.5.24.1IntroductionSincetheemergenceoftissueengineeringabout20yearsago,cartilagehasbeenoneofthemostpopularcandidatesofthisendeavor,mainlybecauseoftheprev
5、alenceofcartilage-relateddiseasesanditsinabilityofself-repairingoncedamagehappens.Tissueengineeringcanrefertobothinvitroandinvivocases.Invitrotissueengineeringaimstocreatefunctionaltissuesubstituteoutsidethehumanbody,whileinvivotissueengineeringistoassisttissuerege
6、nerationinthehumanbody.Originalefforthasmainlybeenfocusedoninvitrotissueengineering.Althoughsignificantprogresshasbeenmade,functionalinvitroproductthatcanreplacenativecartilagehasnotbeenachieved.Manycartilage-likeproductshavebeenmade,withinevitablyinferiorcompositi
7、onandmechanicalpropertytothoseofnativecartilage.Inrecentyears,notableinteresthasgrownininvivotissueengineeringaspeoplerealizethattheenvironmentinhumanbodystillcannotbeparalleledbyexperimentalconditions.Tissueengineeringisacomplexprocess:thecellsneedtosurviveandprol
8、iferate,producematrixaswellasreorganizeittoyieldpropermechanicalproperty.Inaword,itneedstoreproducethecourseofnaturaldevelopmentofatissue.Thetarg
