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1、8382Macromolecules1998,31,8382-8395SoluteDiffusionwithinHydrogels.MechanismsandModelsBrianAmsdenFacultyofPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AB,CanadaReceivedMay13,1998;RevisedManuscriptReceivedAugust5,1998ABSTRACT:Solutediffusioninhydrogelsisimpo
2、rtantinmanybiotechnologyfields.Solutebehaviorinhydrogelshasbeenexplainedintermsofreductioninhydrogelfreevolume,enhancedhydrodynamicdragonthesolute,increasedpathlengthduetoobstruction,andacombinationofhydrodynamicdragandobstructioneffects.Inthisarticlethevariousmathematicalm
3、odelsderivedtoexplainandpredictsolutediffusioninhydrogelsarereviewedandtestedagainstliteraturedata.Thesemodelscanbedividedintothoseapplicabletohydrogelscomposedofflexiblepolymerchains(i.e.,homogeneoushydrogels)andthosecomposedofrigidpolymerchains(i.e.,heterogeneoushydrogels
4、).Forhomogeneoushydrogelsitwasdeterminedthatascalinghydrodynamicmodelprovidedthebestexplanationforsolutediffusion,whileforheterogeneoushydrogelsobstructionmodelsweremoreconsistentwiththeexperimentaldata.Boththescalinghydrodynamicmodelandthemostappropriateobstructionmodelcon
5、tainundefinedparameterswhichmustbeclarifiedinorderforthesemodelstogainwidespreadacceptance.Introductionbythepolymerchains.AnyfactorwhichreducesthesizeofthesespaceswillhaveaneffectonthemovementThediffusionofsolutesinhydrogelshasapplicationofthesolute.Suchfactorsincludethesiz
6、eofthesoluteinawidevarietyoffields.Hydrogelsareusedininrelationtothesizeoftheopeningsbetweenpolymerseparationprocessessuchaschromatography,1forthechains,polymerchainmobility,andtheexistenceofencapsulationofcellsforbothbiomedicalandfermenta-chargedgroupsonthepolymerwhichmayb
7、indthetionpurposes,2inbiosensors,3,4andasbiomaterialsforsolutemolecule.Polymerchainmobilityisanimportantthedeliveryofbioactiveagentstothebody4-6andfactorgoverningsolutemovementwithinthehydrogel.prostheticapplications.3,4TheonefeatureofhydrogelsForhomogeneousgels,themeshopen
8、ingsareneitherthatalltheseapplicationscapitalizeuponistheabilityconstantinsizenorl
