Robert N. Bellah-Religion in Human Evolution_ From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age-Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (2011)

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1、religioninhumanevolutionReligioninHumanEvolutionFromthePaleolithictotheAxialAgeRobertN.BellahthebelknappressofharvarduniversitypressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England2011Copyright©2011bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressC

2、ataloging-in-PublicationDataBellah,RobertNeelly,1927–Religioninhumanevolution:fromthePaleolithictotheAxialAge/RobertN.Bellah.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-674-06143-9(alk.paper)1.Religion.2.Humanevolution—Religiousaspects.3.Theologicalanthropology.4.Ethnology—Religiou

3、saspects.5.Religions.I.Title.II.Title:FromthePaleolithictotheAxialAge.BL256.B4352011200.89'009—dc222010054585InmemoryofMelanieBellahandforourgrandchildren,andtheirs...ContentsPrefaceixAcknowledgmentsxxv1.ReligionandReality12.ReligionandEvolution443.TribalReligion:TheProductionofMeaning1174.From

4、TribaltoArchaicReligion:MeaningandPower1755.ArchaicReligion:GodandKing2106.TheAxialAgeI:IntroductionandAncientIsrael2657.TheAxialAgeII:AncientGreece3248.TheAxialAgeIII:ChinaintheLateFirstMillenniumbce3999.TheAxialAgeIV:AncientIndia48110.Conclusion567Notes609Index715PrefaceVerydeepisthewellofthe

5、past.thomasmann,JosephandHisBrothersThosemomentswhichthespiritappearstohaveoutgrownstillbelongtoitinthedepthsofitspresent.Justasithaspassedthroughallitsmomentsinhistory,soalsomustitpassthroughthemagaininthepresent.hegel,ReasoninHistoryWhenonereadsthepoemsandthewritingsoftheancients,howcoulditbe

6、rightnottoknowsomethingaboutthemasmen?Henceoneshouldtrytounderstandtheageinwhichtheyhavelived.Thiscanbedescribedas“lookingforfriendsinhistory.”mencius5B:8Thisisalargebookaboutalargesubject.Itisthereforeincumbentonmetogivethereaderanexplanationofwhyitissolong(itcouldbemanytimeslon-ger),aroadmap,

7、andaresponsetocertainobjectionsthatmayleaptothemindofsomereaders.IwillbeginbyusingthethreeepigraphsabovetogiveanideaofwhatIamtryingtodo.Mann’smetaphorofthepastasawell,intheopeningsentenceofhisbook,iscomplementedimmediatelybyhissec