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1、LiteraryTermsAlliteration[ə,lɪtə'reɪʃn]头韵Therepetitionofconsonantsoundsinwordsthatareclosetooneanother.Alliterationoccursmostoftenatthebeginningofwords,asin“roughandready.”Butconsonantswithinwordssometimesalliterate,asin“babyblue.”Theechoesthatalliterationcreatescanincrea
2、seapoem’srhythmicandmusicaleffectsandmakeitslinesespeciallymemorable.AlliterationisanessentialfeatureofAnglo-Saxonpoetry;inmostlines,twoorthreeofthefourstressedsyllablesalliterate.FrameStoryAnintroductorynarrativewithinwhichoneormoreofthecharactersproceedtotellastory.Perh
3、apsthebest-knownexampleofstoriescontainedinaframestoryisthePersiancollectioncalledTheThousandandOneNights.InEnglishliterature,GeoffreyChaucer’sTheCanterburyTalesusesaframestoryinvolvingagroupofpeopleonapilgrimage;withinthenarrativeframe,eachofthepilgrimsthentellshisorhero
4、wnstory.GiovanniBoccaccio’sDecameroncontainsanothernotableexampleoftheframe-storydevice.Couplet['kʌplɪt]对句,对联Twoconsecutivelinesofpoetrythatrhyme.ThecouplethasbeenwidelyusedsincetheMiddleAges,especiallytoprovideasenseofclosure.Acoupletthatpresentsacompletedthoughtiscalled
5、aclosedcouplet.Shakespeareusedclosedcoupletsto15/15endhissonnets,asinSonnet18.Acoupletwritteniniambicpentameteriscalledaheroiccouplet.AlthoughtheheroiccouplethasbeenusedinEnglishliteraturesinceChaucer,itwasperfectedduringtheeighteenthcentury.CharacterAnindividualinastoryo
6、rplay.Acharacteralwayshashumantraits,evenifthecharacterisananimal,liketheMarchHareinLewisCarroll’sAlice’sAdventuresinwonderland;oragod,asintheGreekandRomanmyths;oramonster,asinBeowulf.Acharactermayalsobeagodlikehuman,likeSuperman.Butmostcharactersareordinaryhumanbeings,li
7、keGeoffreyChaucer’scolorfulpilgrimsinTheCanterburyTales.Characterization[‚kærəktəraɪ'zeɪʃn]特性描述;性格描述Theprocessbywhichthewriterrevealsthepersonalityofacharacteriscalledcharacterization.Awritercanrevealacharacterinthefollowingways:1.Bytellingusdirectlywhatthecharacterislike
8、:humble,ambitious,impetuous,easilymanipulated,andsoon2.Bydescribinghowthecharacterlooksanddresse
