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1、外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】ShipsTypedAccordingtoMeansofPhysicalSupportThemodeofphysicalsupportbywhichvesselscanbecategorizedassumesthatthevesselisoperatingund
2、erdesignedconditions.Shipsaredesignedtooperateabove,on,orbelowthesurfaceofthesea,sotheair-seainterfacewillbeusedasthereferencedatum.Becausethenatureofthephysicalenvironmentisquitedifferentforthethreeregionsjustmentioned,thephysicalcharacteristicsofshipsdesigne
3、dtooperateinthoseregionscanbediverse.AerostaticSupportTherearetwocategoriesofvesselsthataresupportedabovethesurfaceoftheseaonaself-inducedcushionofair.Theserelativelylightweightvehiclesarecapableofhighspeeds,sinceairresistanceisconsiderablylessthanwaterresista
4、nce,andtheabsenceofcontactwithsmallwavescombinedwithflexiblesealsreducestheeffectsofwaveimpactathighspeed.Suchvesselsdependonliftfanstocreateacushionoflow-pressureairinanunderbodychamber.Thiscushionofairmustbesufficienttosupporttheweightofthevehicleabovethewat
5、ersurface.Thefirsttypeofvesselhasflexible“skirts”thatentirelysurroundtheaircushionandenabletheshiptorisecompletelyabovetheseasurface.Thisiscalledanaircushionvehicle(ACV),andinalimitedsenseitisamphibious.Theothertypeofair-cushioncrafthasrigidsidewallsorthinhull
6、sthatextendbelowthesurfaceofthewatertoreducetheamountofairflowrequiredtomaintainthecushionpressure.Thistypeiscalledacaptured-air-bubblevehicle(CAB).Itrequireslesslift-fanpowerthananACV,ismoredirectionallystable,andcanbepropelledbywaterjetsorsupercavitatingprop
7、ellers.Itisnotamphibious,however,andhasnotyetachievedthepopularityoftheACVs,whichincludepassengerferries,cross-channelautomobileferries,polar-explorationcraft,landingcraft,andriverinewarfacevessels.HydrodynamicSupportTherearealsotwotypesofvesselsthatdependondy
8、namicsupportgeneratedbyrelativelyrapidforwardmotionofspeciallydesignedhydrodynamicshapeseitheronorbeneaththesurfaceofthewater.Aprincipleofphysicsstatesthatanymovingobjectthatcanpro
