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1、Polymer48(2007)281e289www.elsevier.com/locate/polymerEffectofultrasoundonHDPE/claynanocomposites:Rheology,structureandpropertiesSaratK.Swainb,AvraamI.Isayeva,*aInstituteofPolymerEngineering,TheUniversityofAkron,Akron,OH44325-0301,USAbDepartmentofChemistry,NorthOrissaUniversity,Baripada7570
2、03,IndiaReceived1May2006;receivedinrevisedform1November2006;accepted3November2006Availableonline27November2006AbstractHighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE)/organoclaynanocompositesofvaryingconcentrationsofclaywerepreparedbyasinglescrewcom-poundingextruderwiththeattachedultrasounddieoperatingatvari
3、ousamplitudes.Thediepressureandpowerconsumptionduetoultrasoundweremeasuredatdifferentfeedratesofnanocompositesofvariousclayconcentrations.ThestructureandmorphologyofnanocompositeswerestudiedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)andinfraredspectroscopy.Itwasfoundthatult
4、rasonictreatmentenhancedtheintercalationofHDPEintolatticelayersofclaybyincreasingd-spacingupto50%.Mechanicalandrheologicalpropertiesofthesenanocompositeswereinvestigatedasafunctionofclayconcentrationandultrasonicamplitude.Complexviscosity,storageandlossmoduliofnanocompositeswereincreasedaf
5、terultrasonictreatment.Mechanicalpropertiessuchastheelongationatbreak,yieldstress,toughnessandimpactstrengthofultrasonicallytreatednanocompositesincreasedincomparisonwiththeuntreatednanocomposites.Areductioninoxygenpermeabilityofnanocompositeswasobservedafterultrasonictreatmentatanamplitud
6、eof10mmwiththehighestreductionby20%at2.5%clayconcentrationandaresidencetimeof21s.Thisreductioninpermeabilitywasachievedeventhoughresultsindicatethatthecrystallinityofultrasonicallytreatednanocompositeswasreduced.Ó2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:HDPE;Sonication;Nanocomposites1.In
7、troductionthermal[1],rheological[2],mechanical[3]andphysical[4]propertiesofpolymers.Ingeneral,thelayersilicateismodi-Theincorporationofparticulatefillersintopolymerfiedwithalkyl-ammonium,whichishydrophilicandthismatricesisawell-knowntechniquetoimproveormodifyfac
