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1、HistoryandTheory41(May2002),179-197©WesleyanUniversity2002ISSN:0018-2656FINDINGMEANINGINMEMORY:AMETHODOLOGICALCRITIQUEOFCOLLECTIVEMEMORYSTUDIES1WULFKANSTEINERABSTRACTThememorywaveinthehumanitieshascontributedtotheimpressiverevivalofculturalhisto-ry,butthesuccessof
2、memorystudieshasnotbeenaccompaniedbysignificantconceptualandmethodologicaladvancesintheresearchofcollectivememoryprocesses.Moststudiesonmem-oryfocusontherepresentationofspecificeventswithinparticularchronological,geographical,andmediasettingswithoutreflectingontheaud
3、iencesoftherepresentationsinquestion.Asaresult,thewealthofnewinsightsintopastandpresenthistoricalculturescannotbelinkedcon-clusivelytospecificsocialcollectivesandtheirhistoricalconsciousness.Thismethodologicalproblemisevenenhancedbythemetaphoricaluseofpsychological
4、andneurologicalterminol-ogy,whichmisrepresentsthesocialdynamicsofcollectivememoryasaneffectandextensionofindividual,autobiographicalmemory.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeaddressedthroughtheextensivecontextualizationofspecificstrategiesofrepresentation,whichlinksfactso
5、frepresen-tationwithfactsofreception.Asaresult,thehistoryofcollectivememorywouldberecastasacomplexprocessofculturalproductionandconsumptionthatacknowledgesthepersistenceofculturaltraditionsaswellastheingenuityofmemorymakersandthesubversiveinterestsofmemoryconsumer
6、s.Thenegotiationsamongthesethreedifferenthistoricalagentscreatetherulesofengagementinthecompetitivearenaofmemorypolitics,andthereconstructionofthesenegotiationshelpsusdistinguishamongtheabundanceoffailedcollectivememoryinitiativesontheonehandandthefewcasesofsucces
7、sfulcollectivememoryconstructionontheother.Forthispurpose,collectivememorystudiesshouldadoptthemethodsofcommunicationandmediastudies,especiallywithregardtomediareception,andcontinuetouseawiderangeofinterpre-tivetoolsfromtraditionalhistoriographytopoststructuralapp
8、roaches.Fromtheperspectiveofcollectivememorystudies,thesetwotraditionsarecloselyrelatedandmutuallybeneficial,ratherthanmutuallyexclusive,waysofanalyzingh
