Implicit Memory versus False Memory Paper

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1、ImplicitMemoryversusFalseMemoryJulianMissig85-445MemoryPhenomena&Mechanisms3May2005BackgroundAnunfortunatefactoflifeisthatapersoninapositionofpowerdoesnotalwayshavethebestinterestsofthoseunderhimorherinmind.Aparticularlyunfortunateexampleisatherapistwhowouldr

2、atherbelievethatayoungwomanwasraisedinasataniccultandconvinceshispatientthatthisreallyiswhathappened,despiteacompletelackofevidence(Schacter,1996).Thisexampleisonlyoneofmany;therearemanycasesofpatientsrecoveringmemorieswiththehelpoftherapistsonlytolaterdiscov

3、erthatthese“memories”werenotatalltrue.Yetthesepatientscompletelybelievedthosememoriesuntilthemountainofevidenceagainstthemsimplygrewtoobig.Itisbecauseofthesecasesthatresearchersbecameinterestedinhowthemindcomesdistortrealmemoriesinordertoaccommodatefalseones.

4、EventhoughFreudandothershavestudiedrepressedmemories,thestudyoffalsememoriesasacognitiveprocesshasonlyrecentlycometotheattentionofresearchers.Schacter(1996;Loftus,1993tellsasimilartale)reviewsoneaccountofthehistory:In1990GeorgeFranklinwasconvictedofthe1969hom

5、icideofhisdaughter’sfriendSusanNason.Theconvictionwasbasedalmostentirelyuponrepressedmemorieswhichhisdaughterclaimedtohaverecovered.Regardlessofwhetherornottheallegationsweretrue,manyquestionsaroseastowhetherthesememorieswereinfactreal.Evenifthememorieswereno

6、treal,Franklin’sdaughtertrulybelievedthemtobe.Thiscasesparkedmany—by1992thenumberoflawsuitsbasedupontherecoveryImplicitMemoryversusFalseMemory2ofrepressedmemorieshadgrowntosuchagreatnumberthatparentsjoinedwithprofessionalstoformtheFalseMemorySyndromeFoundatio

7、n.Withinfouryearsofitsfounding,theFoundationhadbeencontactedby17,000peopleaboutrepressedmemorycases(Schacter,1996).Indiscussingtherecoveryofrepressedmemories,severalcognitivequestionsarise:Isitevenpossibletorepressamemoryofatragicevent?Ifso,isitpossibletoreco

8、verthosememoriesatamuchlaterdate?Howdoyoutellthedifferencebetweenatrulyrecoveredmemoryandamemorywhichwasmerelysuggestedbytheprocessofattemptedrecovery?ItisthislastquestionwhichIwillinvest