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1、ch11_8041_vanPatten_LEA5/19/064:50AMPage19711SocioculturalTheoryandSecondLanguageLearningJamesP.LantolfandStevenL.ThorneThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityTheintentofthischapteristofamiliarizereaderswiththeprinciplesandcon-structsofanapproachtolearningandmentaldevelopm
2、entknownasSocio-culturalTheory.1SocioculturalTheory(SCT)hasitsoriginsinthewritingsoftheRussianpsychologistL.S.Vygotskyandhiscolleagues.SCTarguesthathumanmentalfunctioningisfundamentallyamediatedprocessthatisorga-nizedbyculturalartifacts,activities,andconcepts(Ratn
3、er,2002).2Withinthisframework,humansareunderstoodtoutilizeexistingculturalartifactsandtocreatenewonesthatallowthemtoregulatetheirbiologicalandbe-havioralactivity.Languageuse,organization,andstructurearetheprimarymeansofmediation.Practicallyspeaking,developmentalpr
4、ocessestakeplacethroughparticipationincultural,linguistic,andhistoricallyformedsettingssuchasfamilylifeandpeergroupinteraction,andininstitutionalcontextslikeschooling,organizedsportsactivities,andworkplaces,tonameonlyafew.SCTarguesthatwhilehumanneurobiologyisanece
5、ssaryconditionforhigherorderthinking,themostimportantformsofhumancognitiveactivitydevelop1Recently,somescholarsworkinginthistheoryhavebeguntousethetermCultural-HistoricalActivityTheory,orCHAT.However,mostresearchconductedonL2learningwithinthisgeneraltheoreticalfra
6、meworkhasusedthetermsociocultural,andforthisrea-sonwewillusethistermthroughoutthechapter.Wealsothinkitisimportanttopointoutthatthetermsocioculturalhasbeenusedbyresearcherswhodonotworkdirectlywithinthetheoreticalperspectiveweareaddressinginthischapter.Theseresearch
7、ersusethetermssocioculturaltorefertothegeneralsocialandculturalcircumstancesinwhichindi-vidualsconductthebusinessofliving.2Inthischapter,werestrictourdiscussiontosymbolicartifacts,inparticularlanguage.ForafulldiscussionofmediationseeLantolfandThorne(inpress).[MAB1
8、]197ch11_8041_vanPatten_LEA5/19/064:50AMPage198198LANTOLFANDTHORNEthroughinteractionwithinthesesocialandmaterialenvironments.Thischap-terdescribesthemaj
