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2013学年度第一学期闵行中学高三12月月考I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:AfterReadingthefollowingpassage.Forsomeblanks,thereisawordgiveninthebrackets.Fillineachoftheseblankswiththeproperform.ofthegivenword.Fillintheotherblankswithwordsthatarecorrectinstructureandproperinmeaning.(A)Eventodaythereareagreatmanywrongideasaboutfood.Someofthemareverywidespread.Onesuchideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.Fishisgoodbrainfood（25）________________itisgoodmusclefoodandskinfoodandbonefood.Butnoonehasbeenabletoprovethatfishisany(26)_________(good)forthebrainthanmanyotherkindsoffood.Anothersuchideaisthatyou(27)_________notdrinkwaterwithmeals.Washingfooddownwithwaterasasubstitute(28)_______chewingisnotagoodidea,butsomewaterwithmealshasbeenfoundtobehelpful.Itmakesthedigestivejuicesflowmorefreelyandhelpstodigestthefood.Manyoftheideaswhichscientiststellus(29)_________(have)nofoundationhavetodowithmixturesoffoods.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneralthatorangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.Thereasongivenwas(30)_______theacidintheorangejuicewouldmakethemilkcurdleandbecomeindigestible.Asamatteroffact,milkalwaysmeetsinthestomachadigestivejuicewhichcurdles(31)________;thecurdlingofthemilkisthefirststepinitsdigestion.Asimilarwrongideaisthatfishandicecreamwhen(32)________(eat)atthesamemealformapoisonouscombination.(B)It’soneofourcommonbeliefsthatmiceareafraidofcats.Scientistshavelongknownthat(33)________________amousehasneverseenacatbefore,itisstillabletodetect(觉察)chemicalsignalsreleasedfromitandrunawayinfear.Thishasalwaysbeenthoughttobesomethingthatishard-wiredintoamouse’sbrain.ButrecentlyWendyIngram,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,(34)________________thiscommonsense.Shehasfoundawayto“cure”miceoftheirinbornfearofcats–byinfectingthemwithaparasite(寄生虫),reportedthesciencejournalNature.Theparasite,calledToxoplasmagondii,mightsoundunfamiliartoyou,butthe(35)__________(shock)factisthatuptoone-thirdofpeoplearoundtheworldareinfectedbyit.Thisparasitecancausedifferentdiseasesamonghumans,(36)__________pregnantwomen-itislinkedtoblindnessandthedeathofunbornbabies.However,theparasite’seffectsonmiceareunique.Ingramandherteammeasuredhowmicereactedtoacat’surine(尿)beforeand(37)__________itwasinfectedbytheparasites.They9 notedthatnormalmicestayedforawayfromtheurine(38)___________micethatwereinfectedwiththeparasitewalkedfreelyaroundtherestarea.Butthat’snotall.Theparasitewasfoundtobemorepowerfulthanoriginally(39)__________(think)-evenafterresearchescuredthemiceoftheinfection,theynolongerreactedwithfeartoacat’ssmell,whichcouldindicatethattheinfectionhascausedapermanentchangeinmice’sbrains.Whydoesaparasitechangeamouse’sbraininsteadofmakingitsicklikeitdoestohuman?Theanswerliesinevolution.Tosoplasmadondiicanonlyreproduceinsideacat.Sotheparasitehadtodevelopawayoftrickingthemiceintogettingeatenmoreeasily-thus(40)_______(help)itselfgoinsideacat-bytakingawaymice’ssenseofalarm.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce. Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.frownedB.negativeC.nationalD.appreciationE.effectiveF.tendencyG.approachH.rankedI.enhancedJ.UnpopularK.namedWhatarethethingsthatfirstcometoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?Aretheynonstoprain,politemanners,boringfoodandteadrinking?SomeoftheUK’snationalstereotypesaretrue,anewsurveyhasfound.Forexample,Britishpeopledohaveatendency(倾向)todrinklotsoftea.Theresearchpolled(调查)1,402foreignerslivingintheUKontheiropinionsabouttheBritishwayoflife.Unsurprisingly,themajority(大多数)ofthem,almost70percent,saidtheyenjoyedlivinginthecountry–goodmanners,especiallyUKpeople’sextraordinaryabilitytoqueue(排队),arethemainreasonsforforeigners’appreciation(欣赏).Morethanone-thirdsaidtheylikedBritishpeople’srestrained(克制的)approachtoemotion.However，thereareaspectsofBritishculturethatare(45)_________upon.Theheavyalcoholdrinkingculture(46)________astheleastfavoritetrait,followedbytheBritishsenseofhumorandthecountry’sbadweather.Itmaynotbetoohardtounderstandwhyheavydrinkingandbadweatherare(47)__________.butwhat’swrongwiththeBritishsenseofhumor?Britishhumorisknownforbeingdryandsatirical(讽刺的)，soitisgenerallymore(48)_________.WhenitcomestomakingtheBritishlaugh,hereisnothingmore(49)_________thanasociallyinappropriatejoke,notedtheBBC.”Britonsaremorecomfortablewithlife’slosers,”wroteEnglishactorRickyGervaisinanarticlepublishedinTimemagazine.“ThemajorityofnationalitieshavestereotypesfittedaroundthemandBritonsdon’tescapethis,”saidLiamClifford,thefounderofGlobalVisas,thewebsitethatconductedtheresearch.”Peopleprobablycomeherewithastereotype-basedpreconceptionofwhattoexact.It’sgoodtoseefromoursurvey,though,thatinthemajorityofcases,thisreputationisactually(50)__________uponlivinghere”.9 III.Readingcomprehension:SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Coffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature'sgreatestgifts.Itgivesmentalandemotional(51)__________withoutharmfulsideeffects,(likealcoholortobacco),anditcontainsawealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthebeverageis(52)__________theirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,(53)__________theybelieveCoffeeisn'tgoodforyouatall. Well,here'sthetruthofthematter.Coffee,likeanythingelse,cancauseproblemsiftoomuchis(54)__________.Intheshort-term,toomuchcoffeewillcauseinsomnia,nauseaandhypertension.Inthelong-term,toomuchCoffeewillcausestomachproblems,teethstaining,andhighcholesterol. Asfarasthebenefits,moderateconsumptionofCoffee,(whichmeans1to4cupsaday),inundatesyourbodywithawealthofantioxidants.Thesesubstancesare(55)__________foreliminatingfreeradicals.Theyarethechemicalbyproductsproducedanytimeyourbodydoessomething.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserveasabufferagainstnegativeelements,butiftheyaren'tkeptincheck,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidants(56)__________thatthisdoesn'thappen. Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbe(57)__________either.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumore(58)__________,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeeling(59)__________oroverwhelmed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyourperspective.Thestackofworkthatseemed(60)__________beforeisn'tevenaproblemnow. (61)__________,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody'sfunctioning.That'swhycoffeeisoften(62)__________withwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugs(63)__________tomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegethighoffofcrackorwhentheygetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywon'tbefunctionalatall.ButwithCoffee,anindividualgetsacreativeboostwhilestillhelpingtheirbodies. Inconclusion,don'tfeelbadwhenyou'rebrewingyourmorningcupofcoffee.(64)__________acanofsodaorashotofalcohol,Coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumethebeverage(65)__________.51.A.reactionB.clarityC.freedomD.challenge52.A.improvingB.damagingC.adjustingD.stimulating53.A.thoughB.soC.whileD.since54.A.purchasedB.cherishedC.takenD.promoted55.A.suitableB.responsibleC.convenientD.famous56.A.ensureB.assumeC.threatenD.indicate57.A.ignoredB.achievedC.measuredD.abandoned58.A.attractiveB.attentiveC.alertD.approachable59.A.incompetentB.guiltyC.depressedD.embarrassed60.A.doubtfulB.unknownC.impossibleD.improper61.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.ForexampleD.Inbrief62.ApopularBcomparedC.familiarD.associated63.A.meanB.tendCsupposeD.expect9 64.A.DespiteB.WithoutC.ApartfromD.Unlike65.A.atwillB.atrandomC.inparticularD.inmoderationSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Onceuponatimeitwasboardingschooladventuresandmysteriessolvedbytweed-wearingdetectivesthatfiredyoungreaders’imaginations.Now,itseems,itisthepromiseoftalesofbloodsuckingvampires,unstoppablezombies,howlingwerewolvesandterrifyingbeaststhatyoungaudiencestopickupabook.Teenhorrorisagenrethatseemstobegoingfromstrengthtostrength,withtitleslikeTheDemonataandTheSagaofLartenCrepseybyIrishbornwriter,DarrenShan,toppingthecharts.IndeedDarrenShan’ssuccesshasearnedhimthetitleof‘MasterofChildren’sHorror’andhisbooks,whichalsoincludeTheThinExecutionerandthevampireseriesTheSagaofDarrenShan,havesoldmorethan20millioncopiesworldwide.Butwhatisitabouthorrorfictionthatsoappealstoyoungreaders,andjusthowscarydotheylikeit?‘Ithinkhorrorallowsteenagerstofocusonreal-lifeissuesinafantasticalway,helpingthemanalyzeandmakesenseoftheworldastheyarecomingtogreatunderstandingofit,’saysDarren.‘Inmybook,LordLoss,themaincharacter’sparentsandsisterwillareslaughteredbydemons.Whilethat’sobviouslynotgoingtohappentoanyoneintherealworld,manywilllosepeopletheyloveduringtheirformativeyears,whetherit’sgrandparentsdyingofoldage,orfriendsorrelativesinaccidents.Abooklikethiscanhopefullyhelpthemprepareforwhendeathstrikesattheminreallife.Goodhorrorisalwaysabouthelpingusprepareforthedarkeraspectsoflife-andsincewecan’tavoidthem,wemightaswellturnthemintoentertainment!’Darrentoursfrequently,attendingeventsinschoolsandlibraries,andtalkingtoyoungreadershelpshimgaugewhattheycanandcan’ttaketermsoffrighteningcontent.Heexplains:‘WhenI’mwritinganespeciallyterriblescene,Iimaginemyselfreadingitoutinaliveenvironment,andaskmyselfifIwouldfeelcomfortabledoingso.Ifnot,I’llgobackandtweakthescene.Ihavenosetformulafordecidingwhatissuitableandwhatisnot.Isimplygowithmygutinstinct.’66.Whatisthepointofthearticle?A.Torecommendsomepopularhorrorbooks.B.Toanalyzewhyhorrorfictionfascinateyoungpeople.C.Toexplorehowhorrorfictionbenefitsyoungreaders.D.TointroducehowDarrencreateshorrorbooks.67.Theunderlinedphrase‘goingfromstrengthtostrength’inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.FailingtoattractattentionB.ImprovingimaginationC.GettingdarkerandscarierD.Becomingincreasingsuccessful9 68.DarrenShanthinksthathisbooksinterestyoungpeoplebecause.A.TheyareexcitingandinspiringB.TheyareaboutthedarkeraspectsoflifeC.Theydealwithreal-lifeissuesinafancifulwayD.Theyteachpeoplehowtodealwithreal-lifeproblems69.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.TeenagersfeelcomfortablewithDarren’simaginationB.Themorefrighteningabookis,thebetteritsellsC.DarrenvisitsschoolsfromtimetotimetopromotehisbooksD.Darrensometimeschangeshisstoriestomakethemlessscary.(B)CinemaTicketSolutions▲Boost(促进)businessonthebigscreenAtEVENTCinemasweofferafantasticrateforbulk(大批的)ticketpurchases(购买),whicharegoodforbusinesses,socialclubsandlargegroups.Movieticketsaregreatforpromotions,sowhynotbuyinbulkandsave?Tapintothepowerofcinemaforallyourpromotionalneeds:·Increaseyourcustomers’averageordersize·Reward(奖励)themforearlypayment·Rewardandencourageyourstaff·Provideextrarewardsforyoursalesteam·Greatforsocialclubs!Weofferourdiscounts(折扣)onbulkticketpurchasesof100ticketsormore,soletthebigscreenboostyourbusinessandasknowwithourCorporateSalesteam.▲GiftCards–theperfectgiftEveryonelovesmovies,soourGiftCardsareagreatwaytorewardyourcustomersorhighachievers.There’saselectionofattractivegiftpacksfeaturingfamousfilmsquotes,andthecardscanbecharged(充值)withacashamountyouchoose.Theycanusethemontickets,GoldClass,andevensweetsandpopcorn!Minimum(最少的)charge$15,maximum$1000.Valid(有效的)foruseatallEVENTCinemas,GoldClass,CinemaDeluxeandRialtoCinemas.Minimumpurchase50GiftCards.▲CandyComboVoucher(代金券)Wantthemhungryformore?AddtheextratouchtoyourMovieMoneygiftbygivingcombovouchers.Thereceivergetsthechoiceofanytwoitemsfromourselection:smallpopcorn,smallsoftdrinkorachoc-topicecream.Perfecttaste.We’vegotgreatoffersonbulkpurchases,soaskusaboutitnow.Validfor12monthsfromdateofpurchase.ValidforuseatallEVENTCinemasandRialtoCinemas.Minimumpurchase100vouchers.70.WhichofthefollowinggroupsistheadvertisementNOTintendedfor?A.Socialclubs.B.Businesses.C.Families.D.Largegroups.71.WhatadvantagesdoyougetfromhavingoneoftheGiftCards?a.Yougetfurtherdiscountonbulkpurchases.b.Yourcardispreloadedwithacertainamountofcash.c.Yougetthebestdiscountsamongthethreepromotions.d.Thecardscanbeusedinmanycinemasformanyitems.A.a,bB.b,cC.c,dD.b,d72.Whatdothethreepromotionshaveincommon?9 A.Theyallhaveaminimumpurchase.B.Theyareallvalidfor12months.C.Theyallneedtobeorderedaheadoftime.D.Theycanallbeusedonticketsandfood.73.InwhichofthefollowingcircumstancesmayafirmownerNOTconsiderbulkticketpurchase?A.Hiscustomersusuallydon’tplacebigorders.B.Hissalesstaffcooperatewellandperformperfectly.C.Hehopeshiscustomerswillalwayspayintime.D.Hehopestobeadmittedintoasocialclubsoon.(C)AREwegettingmorestupid?AccordingtoGeraldCrabtree,ascientistatStanfordUniversityintheUS,weare.Youmaynotwanttohearthis,butCrabtreebelievesthathumanintelligencereacheditspeakmorethan2,000yearsagoandeversincethenhasbeengoingdownhill.“IfanaverageGreekfrom1,000BCweretransportedtomoderntimes,heorshewouldbeoneofthebrightestamongus,”CrabtreetoldTheGuardian.AttheheartofCrabtree’sthinkingisasimpleidea.Inthepast,intelligencewascriticalforsurvivalwhenourancestorshadtoavoiddangerousanimalsandhuntforfood.Thedifferenceofbeingsmartorstupidisoftenlifeordeath.However,afterthespreadofagriculture,whenourancestorsbegantoliveindensefarmingcommunities,theneedtokeeptheirintelligenceinpeakgraduallyreduced.Thisisnothardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,pressureiswhatkeepsusgoing-youneedthepressurefromyourteacherstofinishyourhomework;thepressureoflookingprettyyoutoloseweightwhensummercomes.Andthesameisalsotrueofourintelligence-ifwethinkless,webecomelesssmart.Thesemutationsareharmfultoourintelligenceandtheywerealldevelopedinthepast,3000years.TheotherevidencethatCrabtreeholdsisinourgenes.Hefoundthatamongthe2000to5000genesthatwehavethatdeterminehumanintelligence,therearetwoormoremutationsineachofus.However,Crabtree’stheoryhasbeencriticizedbysomewhosaythatearlyhumanshavebetterhuntingandsurvivingabilities,butpeopletodayhavedevelopedamorediverseintelligence.Forexample,spearingatigerdoesn’tnecessarilyrequiremorebrainpowerthanplayplayingchessorpoem.Moreover,thepowerofmoderneducationmeansalotmorepeoplehavetheopportunitytolearnnowadays.‘Youwouldn’tgetStephenHawking2000yearsago.Hejustwouldn’texist,’ThomasHillsoftheUniversityofWarwick,UK,toldLiveScience,‘Butnowwehavepeoplehisintellectualcapacitydoingthingsandmakinginsightsthatwewouldneverhaveachievedinourenvironmentofevolutionaryadaptation.’74.WhatisCrabtree’srecentfindingaccordingtothearticle?A.TheGreeksfrom1000BCcouldhavebeenthesmartestinhumanhistory.B.Ourancientancestorshadnobettersurvivingthanwedonowadays.C.Humanshavebeengettingsteadilymoreintelligentsincetheinventionoffarming.9 A.Mutationsingenesthatdecidehumanintelligencehaveaffectedthedevelopmentofintelligence.75.AccordingtoCrabtree,ancienthumansA.hadmuchmoregenesthatdeterminehumanintelligenceB.WereforcedtobesmartduetonaturalselectionpressuresC.ReliedmoreongroupintelligencethanindividualintelligenceD.Developedadiverseintelligencetoadapttotheharshrealities76.SomearguethatCrabtree’stheoryisfalsebecausetheythink.A.PeopletodayareundermuchmorepressurethanearlyhumansB.It’sridiculoustocompareahunter’sandapoet’sintelligenceC.ModerneducationisfarmoreadvancedthanancienteducationD.Humanintelligencenowadaysisdifferentfromthatofthedistantpast77.WhatisThomasHill’sattitudetowardCrabtree’stheory?A.SupportiveB.UnfavorableC.WorriedD.Confused.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.（Nomorethan12words）Proxemics(空间关系学)isthestudyofwhatgovernshowcloselyonepersonstandstoanother.Peoplewhofeelclosewillbeclose,thoughtheactualdistanceswillvarybetweencultures.ForAmericanswecandiscernfourmaincategoriesofdistance:intimate,personal,socialandpublic.Intimaterangesfromdirectcontacttoabout45centimeters.Thisisfortheclosestrelationshipssuchasthosebetweenhusbandandwife.Beyondthiscomespersonaldistance.Thisstandsatbetween45and80centimeters.Itisthemostusualdistancemaintainedforconversationsbetweenfriendsandrelatives.Socialdistancecoverspeoplewhoworktogetheroraremeetingatsocialgatherings.Distancesheretendtobekeptbetween1.30to2meters.Beyondthiscomespublicdistance,suchasthatbetweenalecturerandhisaudience. Allculturesdrawlinesbetweenwhatisanappropriateandwhatisaninappropriatesocialdistancefordifferenttypesofrelationship.Theydiffer,however,inwheretheydrawtheselines.LookataninternationalreceptionwithrepresentativesfromtheUSandArabiccountriesconversingandyouwillseetheAmericanspirouetting(快速旋转)backwardsaroundthehallpursuedbytheirArabpartners.TheAmericanswillbetryingtokeepthedistancebetweenthemselvesandtheirpartnerswhichtheyhavegrownusedtoregardingas“normal”.Theyprobablywillnotevennoticethemselvestryingtoadjustthedistancebetweenthemselvesandtheirpartners,thoughtheymayhavevaguefeelingthattheirArabneighborsarebeingabit“pushy”.TheArab,ontheotherhand,comingfromaculturewheremuchcloserdistanceisthenorm,maybefeelingthattheAmericansarebeing“stand-offish”.FindingthemselveshappierstandingclosetoandeventouchingthosetheyareinconversationwiththeywillpersistentlypursuetheAmericansroundtheroomtryingtoclosethedistancebetweenthem. Theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvariesbetweendifferentculturestoo.Onestudyofthenumberoftimespeopleconversingincoffeeshopsoveraonehourperiodshowedthefollowinginterestingvariations:London,0;Florida,2;Paris,10;andPuertoRico180.Notonlydoseitvarybetweensocieties,however,italsovariesbetweendifferentsubcultureswithinonesociety.YoungpeopleinBritain,forexample,aremorelikelytotouchandhugfriendsthanare9 theoldergeneration.Thismaybepartlyamatterofgrowingolder,butitalsoreflectsthefactthattheoldergenerationgrewupatatimewhentouchingwaslesscommonforallagegroups.Fortyyearsago,forexample,footballerswouldneverhugandkissoneanotheronthefieldafteragoalastheydotoday. (选自大学六级真题) 78.Inproxemics,____governsthestandingspacebetweentwopersons.79.Theword“stand-offish”(Line14,Para.2)couldbestbereplacedby_________.80.InconversationwithanAmericanpartnerataninternationalreception,anArabdeemsthatclosedistantis_________.81.Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthattheappropriatenessofphysicalcontactalsovarieswith_________. 答案：DAAA第II卷（共45分）I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1、这个新升职的经理真慷慨，资助我上了大学。（generous）2、文章指出，未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人们。（point）3、这款智能手机发布之前，我从未想到仅用一部手机就可以做这么多事。（Never）4、失败多少次并不重要，重要的是你能重新站起来多少次，并继续前行。(matter)5、环保人士之所以呼吁全国人民保护水资源是因为他们不想看到人类的眼泪成为地球上最后的一滴水。（appeal）II.Guidedwriting.(25%)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelow.ItisreportedthatChinesetouristshaverecentlybeenlistedamongthemostunwelcomegroupsbyawell-knownforeignwebsiteontravel.SupposeyouareWangFang,ahighschoolstudent,pleasewritealettertoXinminEveningNews,analyzingatleasttwocausesandgivingadviceonhowtoimprovetheimageofChinesetourists.Deareditor,9 9
