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1、QualityofLife:Indiavs.ChinaAmartyaSenMAY12,2011ISSUE1.ThesteadilyrisingrateofeconomicgrowthinIndiahasrecentlybeenaround8percentperyear(itisexpectedtobe9percentthisyear),andthereismuchspeculationaboutwhetherandwhenIndiamaycatchupwithandsurpassChina’sover10percentgr
2、owthrate.DespitetheevidentexcitementthatthissubjectseemstocauseinIndiaandabroad,itissurelyrathersillytobeobsessedaboutIndia’sovertakingChinaintherateofgrowthofGNP,whilenotcomparingIndiawithChinainotherrespects,likeeducation,basichealth,orlifeexpectancy.Economicgro
3、wthcan,ofcourse,beenormouslyhelpfulinadvancinglivingstandardsandinbattlingpoverty.ButthereislittlecausefortakingthegrowthofGNPtobeanendinitself,ratherthanseeingitasanimportantmeansforachievingthingswevalue.GirlsinaclassroomintheIndianmodelvillageofRaleganSiddhi,no
4、rtheastofPune,Maharashtra,2006Itcould,however,beaskedwhythisdistinctionshouldmakemuchdifference,sinceeconomicgrowthdoesenhanceourabilitytoimprovelivingstandards.Thecentralpointtoappreciatehereisthatwhileeconomicgrowthisimportantforenhancinglivingconditions,itsreac
5、handimpactdependgreatlyonwhatwedowiththeincreasedincome.Therelationbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheadvancementoflivingstandardsdependsonmanyfactors,includingeconomicandsocialinequalityand,nolessimportantly,onwhatthegovernmentdoeswiththepublicrevenuethatisgeneratedbyeco
6、nomicgrowth.SomestatisticsaboutChinaandIndia,drawnmainlyfromtheWorldBankandtheUnitedNations,arerelevanthere.LifeexpectancyatbirthinChinais73.5years;inIndiaitis64.4years.TheinfantmortalityrateisfiftyperthousandinIndia,comparedwithjustseventeeninChina;themortalityra
7、teforchildrenunderfiveissixty-sixperthousandforIndiansandnineteenfortheChinese;andthematernalmortalityrateis230per100,000livebirthsinIndiaandthirty-eightinChina.ThemeanyearsofschoolinginIndiawereestimatedtobe4.4years,comparedwith7.5yearsinChina.China’sadultliterac
8、yrateis94percent,comparedwithIndia’s74percentaccordingtothepreliminarytablesofthe2011census.AsaresultofIndia’sefforttoimprovetheschoolingofgirls,itslite
