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1、RetinalDetachment视网膜脱离CarynPlummer,DVM,DACVO,UniversityofFloridaJANUARY2016OPHTHALMOLOGYPEERREVIEWEDRetinaldetachments(RDs)maydevelopsecondarytoavarietyofsystemicand/orlocal(ocular)conditions.视网膜脱落(RDs)可能继发于多种系统性和/或局部性(眼部)疾病。TwoTypesofRetinalDetachmentsComplete:Theentir
2、eretinabecomesdetachedPartial:Aportionoftheretinaremainsattachedinitsnormalanatomiclocationwhileanothersectionhasdetached视网膜脱落的两种类型完全型：整个视网膜完全脱落部分型：部分视网膜还在正常位置，其他部分脱落Inthenormalstate,theretinasitsdirectlyadjacenttotheconcavecontouroftheposteriorglobetoreceiveoxygenandnu
3、trientsfromthechoroid,withwhichitisintimatelyassociated.Whentheretinadetaches,itfloatsanteriorlywithinthevitrealchamberandisevidentasathingreyveilwithvisiblevasculature(Figures1and2).正常情况下，视网膜位置是在眼球后方的凹痕里，同时从脉络膜那里获得氧气和养分。当视网膜分离时,它漂浮在玻璃体腔的前面，外观为表面可见血管的灰色薄纱（图1和图2）。Figure1
4、.ExternalphotographofaterrierdogwithRD.Theretinalvesselsarevisibleevenfromadistance,indicatingthattheretinahasdetachedandcomeanteriorlywithinthevitrealchamber.图1.视网膜脱落患犬的照片。从远处也能看到视网膜血管,这表明视网膜已经脱落并位于玻璃体腔的前部。Retinaldetachmentmaybeunilateralorbilateral.Ifthecauseisrelated
5、toasystemicconditionoracongenitalorinheritedocularcondition,botheyesarelikelytobeaffectedtosomedegree,althoughperhapsasymmetricallyorsequentially.Localdisease,suchasunilateraltrauma,cataract,orintraocularneoplasia,willtypicallyonlyresultindetachmentintheaffectedeye.视网膜脱
6、落可能是单侧或双侧。如果病因与全身情况或先天性或遗传性的眼部疾病有关,两只眼睛可能在某种程度上都受到影响,尽管可能不对称或先后性的。局部疾病,如单侧外伤、白内障或眼内肿瘤,通常只会导致病眼的视网膜脱落。Figure2.BullousRDincatssecondarytosystemichypertension.Notethevesselsareindifferentplanesoffocus.Afocalintraretinalhemorrhageispresent(A).Imageswereobtainedwithoutuseofa
7、nophthalmoscopylens.图2.继发于系统性高血压的猫大泡性视网膜脱落。注意不同焦距下平面中的血管。图2A展示了局部性视网膜内出血。以上图像是在未使用检眼镜检查情况下拍摄。ClinicalSigns临床症状RDisusuallyassociatedwithmydriasisandincompleteorabsentpupillarylightreflexes.Ifadetachmentiscomplete,theaffectedeyewillbeblind.Somesightmayberetainedwithpartia
8、ldetachment.Accompanyinguveitisorintraocularhemorrhagemayalsobepresent,particularlyiftheunderlyingcauseisvascu
