General Knowledge for TEM8

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1、国家概况地理：OttawaisthecapitalofCanada.ThecapitalofNewZealandisWellington.EdinburghisinScotland.ThecapitalofAustraliaisCanberra.历史：ThePresidentduringtheAmericanCivilWarwasAbrahamLincoln.TheAborigineswerethenativesofAustraliabeforethearrivaloftheBritishsettlers.Themajorityofth

2、ecurrentpopulationintheUKaredecedentsofallthefollowingtribesrespectivelyincludingtheAnglos,theCeltsandtheSaxons.TheoriginalinhabitantsofAustraliaweretheAborigines.政治：USpresidentsnormallyserveafour-yearterm.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadoftheCabinet.TheHeadofStateofCanad

3、aisrepresentedbytheGovernor-general.TheDeclarationofIndependencewaswrittenbyThomasJefferson.宗教：TheChurchofEnglandisthestatechurchinEngland.新闻：USnewsandcablenetworkare:ABS,CNN&CBS.教育：AssociatedegreeisofferedincommunitycollegesintheUnitedStates.英美文学作家作品：ThenovelEmmaiswritt

4、enbyJaneAusten.WilliamSidneyPorter,knownasO.Henry,ismostfamousforhisshortstories.ThenovelForWhomtheBellTollsiswrittenbyErnestHemingway.WutheringHeightswaswrittenbyEmilyBronte.DeathofaSalesmanwaswrittenbyArthurMiller.JohnGalsworthywasmostfamousforTheForsyteSaga.ThenovelTh

5、eAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwaswrittenbyMarkTwain.文学知识：Sonnetisdefinedasanexpressionofhumanemotionwhichiscondensedintofourteenlines.作家概况：GeorgeG.Byron,WilliamWordsworthandPercyB.Shelleyareromanticpoets.WilliamButlerYeatswasanIrishpoetandplaywright.GeorgeBernardShawwasapl

6、aywright.不同阶段文学：T.S.Elliotisapoetofthe20thcentury.英语语言学语用学：Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionofcontext.句法学：Syntaxisthestudyofsentencestructures.语义学：Thewords"kid,child,offspring"areexamplesofstylisticsynonyms.语言的本质：Thedistinctivefeaturesofhumanl

7、anguagearearbitrariness,productivityandculturaltransmissions.Thedistinctivefeaturesofaspeechvarietymaybelexical,syntacticandphonological.语言学流派：ThespeechacttheorywasfirstputforwardbyJohnAustin.ThedistinctionbetweenparoleandlanguewasmadebySaussure.形态学：Morphologyreferstothe

8、studyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesofwordformation.语言的演变：Thewordholidayoriginallymeantholyday