资源描述：
《Endometrial carcinoma》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、EndometrialcarcinomaEndometrialcarcinomaisoneofthemostcommonmalignancies,accountingfor7%ofallfemalemalignanciesand20%-30%ofmalignanciesoffemalegenitaltract.Thisispredominantlyadiseaseofpostmenopausalandpre-menopausalwomenandmostoftenoccursinwomen50-60
2、yearsofage.Inrecentyears,theincidencerateofendometrialcarcinomaisincreasingworldwide,inlargepartduetoprolongedlifeexpectancy,postmenopausaluseofhormonereplacementtherapyanddevelopmentofdiagnostictechniques.EtiologyandRiskFactorsThecauseofendometrialca
3、rcinomaremainsunknown.Howeverseveralriskfactorsforthedevelopmentofendometrialcancerhavebeenidentified,includingnulliparity,menarcheatlessthan12yearsofage,menopauseafterage52,polycysticovarysyndrome,estrogen-secretingtumors,anystateofchronicanovulation
4、andobesity(excessestroneasaresultofperipheralconversionofadrenallyderivedandrostenedionebyaromatizationinfat),whichcancauseendogenousestrogenover-stimulationoftheendometrium.Besides,estrogenreplacementtherapywithoutprogestinsandprolongedtamoxifenusear
5、iseexogenousestrogenover-stimulationtotheendometrium.Mostoftheseriskfactorsarerelatedtoprolonged,unopposedestrogenstimulationoftheendometrium.However,thereappearstobeotherendometrialcarcinomathatoccursinolderwomenwithnosourceofestrogenstimulationofthe
6、endometrium.Comparingwiththe“estrogen-dependent”tumorwhichusuallydevelopsfromhyperplasticendometriumandlessdifferentiatedwithapoorerprognosis.Othermedicalconditions,suchasdiabetesmellitus,hypertensionandhypothyroidism,havebeenfoundtoberelatedtoendomet
7、rialcancer.Furtherinvestigationsareneededtodeterminewhetherraceisassociatedwithendometrialcancer.Evidenceisaccumulatingthatthereisageneticfactorinthedevelopmentofendometrialcancer.Thosewomenwithapersonalhistoryofovarian,colon,orbreastcanceraswellastho
8、sewithafamilyhistoryofendometrialcancermaybeatahigherrisk.PathologyEndometrialcarcinomamaystartasadiscretefocallesionasinapolyp,oritmayalsobediffuseinseveraldifferentareas.Insomesituationsitmayinvolvetheentireliningoftheendometrialsurface.Almo
