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1、BriefSummaryofStylisticsGeneralStylisticsisthesciencewhichexploreshowreadersinteractwiththelanguagesoftextsinordertoexplainhowweunderstandandareaffectedbytextswhenwereadthem.Thestylisticmainlyconcernsabouttheexaminationofgrammar,lexis,semantics,aswellasphonologicalproperti
2、esanddiscursivedevices.It’sdevelopingandnotcometomaturitynow.Accordingtodifferentstandards,thestylisticsmainlydivideintotwomajortypes：linguisticstylisticsandliterarystylistics.Andtherearemanyschoolofstylisticssuchaslingvo-stylistics,literarystylistics,appliedstylistics,con
3、trastivestylistics,appliedstylisticsandsoon.Inthebasicnotionsofstylistics,the通述文体学是为一门教我们怎么更好的使用语言的一门学科，主要关注语法，词汇，语义，语音特征和表达手段。文体学目前是不完善的，处于发展阶段。根据不同的标准，文体学分为两大类：普通文体学和文学文体学.并且文体学有许多不同的学派，如形式文体学，话语文体学，文学文体学，应用文体学，社会文体学，认知文体学，比较文体学等。在文体学的基本概念中，expressivemeansandthestylistic
4、devicesshouldbenoticed.Expressivemeansofthelanguageareunitsofdifferentlanguagelevels:phonetic,morphological,word-building,syntactic,lexical,phraseological,whichservethepurposeoflogicalandemotionalintensificationoftheutterances.Astylisticdeviceisageneralizedpattern,whichact
5、ivatesaconsciousandintentionalintensificationofacertainpropertyofalanguageunit,designedtoachieveaparticularartisticeffect.Stylisticsoriginsfromtheancientclassicalrhetoric,especiallytherhetoricofAristotle.ButthemodernstylisticsrootsinRussianFormalismandtherelatedPragueSchoo
6、loftheearlytwentiethcentury.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,thefamouspersonofstylisticsisCharlesBallyandinthelatetwentiethcenturyisRomanJakobson.值得注意的是表达方式和文体手段。表达方式是表述特定内容所使用的特定的语言方法，手段。文体手段为达成特定的艺术效果所普遍认可的特定组合。文体学起源于古老的经典修辞学，特别是亚里士多德的修辞论.但现代文体学起源于俄罗斯的形式主义和20世纪早期的相关的布拉格学派。20世纪
7、早期的代表人物是法国的巴特利，20世纪晚期的则是罗曼雅各布森。ItisclearthattheStylisticshasmuchcontactswithRhetoric,.Rhetoricistheartofdiscourse,anartthataimstoimprovethecapabilityofwritersorspeakerstoinform,persuade,ormotivateparticularaudiencesinspecificsituations.ItsbestknowndefinitioncomesfromAristo
8、tle,whoconsidersitacounterpartofbothlogicandpolitics,andcallsit“thefacultyofobservinginan
