Ⅲ.The 17th Century-The period of revolution and Restoration

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1、Ⅲ.The17thCentury:TheperiodofrevolutionandRestorationTheProcess↓TheCivilWar(1640-1651)(OliverCromwell)CharlesI;Eight-monthvisittoSpain,attemptedtomarryaSpanishPrincess;Twoyearslater,hemarriedtheBourbonprincessofFranceinstead;ForCharlesIBelievedindivinerightofkin

2、gs,andthoughthecouldgovernaccordingtohisownconscious;GodmadehimthekingandGodalonecantellhimwhattodo.FortheChurchThekingmarriedtoaRomanCatholic(generatedantipathyandmistrustofthereformedgroups,suchasPuritansandCalvinists)Failedtosuccessfullyaidtheprotestantforce

3、sduringtheThirtyyearswar.ForcestheChurchofScotlandtoadopthighAnglicanpractice(ledtotheBishop’sWars)FortheParliamentLevyingofthetaxeswithoutparliamentaryconsent;Disbandedtheparliamentfor11months.SoughttocurbCharlesI’sroyalprerogativeAseriesofarmedconflictsandpol

4、iticalmachinationsbetweenParliamentarians(“Roundheads”)andRoyalists(“Cavalier”).Threephases:thefirstandsecondwaspittedthesupportersofKingCharlesIagainstthesupportersoftheLongParliament,whilethethird(1649-1651)sawfightingbetweensupportersofKingCharlesIIandsuppor

5、tersoftheRumpParliament.EndedwiththeParliamentarianvictoryattheBattleofWorcesterin1651.11TheCommonwealth(1651-1660)TheRestoration(1660-1688)TheGloriousWar(1688)(WilliamIIIandMaryII)Historicalbackground·ParliamentchallengedKingCharlesI’sauthority,engagedincivilc

6、onflictagainsthisforcesandexecutedhimin1649(Civilwar).·Followedbya10-yearperiodofbourgeoisrepublicangovernment,the“Commonwealth”.·Restoration(monarchywasrestoredintheshapeofCharlesIIin1660).·Gloriousrevolution.EnglishliteratureoftheRevolutionandrestorationperio

7、dwasverymuchconcernedwiththetremendoussocialupheavalsofthetime.↓Twoantagonisticcamps↓ThePuritans(thePuritantypeofwriters)清教徒TheRoyalists(theCavaliertypeofwriters)保皇党人Restoration王朝复辟Three-yearreign,KingJamesIIwasdirectlyinvolvedinthepoliticalbattlesinEnglandbetw

8、een11CatholicismandProtestantism,andbetweentheDivineRightofKingsandthepoliticalrightsoftheParliamentofEngland.GloriousRevolution光荣革命GloriousRevolution/theRevolutionof1688168