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1、GoldenGateBridge1.Introduction:TheGoldenGateBridgeisasuspensionbridgespanningtheGoldenGate,theopeningoftheSanFranciscoBayintothePacificOcean.AspartofbothU.S.Route101andCaliforniaStateRoute1,itconnectsthecityofSanFranciscoonthenortherntipoftheSanFranciscoPeninsulatoMar
2、inCounty.TheGoldenGateBridgewasthelongestsuspensionbridgespanintheworldwhenitwascompletedin1937,andhasbecomeoneofthemostinternationallyrecognizedsymbolsofSanFrancisco,California,andoftheUnitedStates.2.History2.1Ferryservice:Beforethebridgewasbuilt,theonlypracticalshor
3、troutebetweenSanFranciscoandwhatisnowMarinCountywasbyboatacrossasectionofSanFranciscoBay.Ferryservicebeganasearlyas1820,withregularlyscheduledservicebeginninginthe1840sforpurposesoftransportingwatertoSanFrancisco.TheSausalitoLandandFerryCompanyservice,launchedin1867,e
4、ventuallybecametheGoldenGateFerryCompany,aSouthernPacificRailroadsubsidiary,thelargestferryoperationintheworldbythelate1920s.Onceforrailroadpassengersandcustomersonly,SouthernPacific‘sautomobileferriesbecameveryprofitableandimportanttotheregionaleconomy.Theferrycrossi
5、ngbetweentheHydeStreetPierinSanFranciscoandSausalitoinMarinCountytookapproximately20minutesandcostUS$1.00pervehicle,apricelaterreducedtocompetewiththenewbridge.ThetripfromtheSanFranciscoFerryBuildingtook27minutes.ManywantedtobuildabridgetoconnectSanFranciscotoMarinCou
6、nty.SanFranciscowasthelargestAmericancitystillservedprimarilybyferryboats.Becauseitdidnothaveapermanentlinkwithcommunitiesaroundthebay,thecity'sgrowthratewasbelowthenationalaverage.Manyexpertssaidthatabridgecouldn’tbebuiltacrossthe6,700ft(2,042m)strait.Ithadstrong,swi
7、rlingtidesandcurrents,withwater500ft(150m)indepthatthecenterofthechannel,andfrequentstrongwinds.Expertssaidthatferociouswindsandblindingfogswouldpreventconstructionandoperation.2.2Conception:AlthoughtheideaofabridgespanningtheGoldenGatewasnotnew,theproposalthateventua
8、llytookplacewasmadeina1916SanFranciscoBulletinarticlebyformerengineeringstudentJamesWilkins.SanFrancisco'sCityEngineerestima
