英美文学Chapter 4

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1、Chapter4WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)LifeandLiteraryCareerKingEdwardVIGrammarSchoolatStratfordShakespeare’sHomeLiteraryProductionsHeauthoredaltogether37playsand154sonnets,whichwerecreatedin3phasesgenerally.I.Apprenticeshipandgrowth:Historyplaysandcomedies(1590-1600)II.Gloomanddepre

2、ssion:Tragedies(1601-1608)III.Restoredserenity:Dramaticromances(1609-1612)ArtisticFeaturesRepresentedthetrendofhistoryingivingvoicetothedesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.Reflectedthehumanistspiritofhisage.Wasmostsuccessfulincharacterization.Instilledintooldmaterialsanewspiritthatgiv

3、esnewlifetohisplaysWasgoodatpoemwriting,whichwererichinimages,conceit,metaphorsandsymbols.WasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage.ContributionsBreakthestrictdramaprincipleofthreeunities.Breaksthedivisionbetweentragedyandcomedyandcreatesrealisticplaysthathavebothtragicandcomicelements.Histor

4、yPlaysRichardIIIHenryIV(mostsignificantone)HenryV(PrinceHal,idealmonarch)HenryVIJuliusCaesar(aboutRomanhistory)ComediesAMid-SummerNight’sDreamAsYouLikeItTheTwelfthNight(mostcarefulplotted)（Problemplays）MeasureforMeasureTheMerchantofVenice《仲夏夜之梦》《皆大欢喜》《第十二夜》《一报还一报》《威尼斯商人》TheMerchant

5、ofVeniceTheme:TopraisethegallantfriendshipandthegoodgentlemaninAntonioandrevealthemiserableconditionsoftheJewsinaChristianworld.Questionsfordiscussion:Whathumanistvaluesaredemonstratedinthiswork?WhatisShakespeare’sattitudetowardsmoney?Antonio:IknownotwhyIamsosad:Itweariesme;yousayi

6、tweariesme.ButhowIcaughtit,foundit;orcamebyit.Whatstuffitismadeof,whereofitisborn,Iamtolearn,suchawantwitsadnessmakesofme,thatIhavemuchadotoknowmyself.Salarino:Yourmindistossingontheocean,…andeveryobjectthatmightmakemefearmisfortunetomyventures,outofdoubtwouldmakemesad.TragediesHam

7、let《哈姆雷特》KingLear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Othello《奥赛罗》Tragicomedy悲喜剧Akindofdramarepresentingsomeactioninwhichseriousandcomicscenesareblended;acompositionpartakingofthenaturebothoftragedyandcomedy.Term：Farce闹剧Alightdramaticworkinwhichhighlyimprobableplotsituations,exaggeratedcharacters,ando

8、ftenslapstickelementsareus