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1、Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod1.TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmo
2、dernphilosophicalandartisticideas.2.Inthefieldofliterature,theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.Accordingtoneoclassicalperiod,allformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriters
3、（Homeretc）andthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones-Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.3.Proseshouldbeprecise,direct,smoothandflexible;Poetryshouldbelyrical（抒情的），epical（叙事诗的，英雄的，有重大历史意义的）,
4、didactic,satiricordramatic,andeachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples;DramashouldbewrittenintheHeroicCouplets（iambicpentameterrhymedintwolines）;thethreeunitiesoftime,spaceandactionshouldbestrictlyobserved;regularityinconstructionshouldbeadheredto,andtypecharactersratherthanindividualssho
5、uldberepresented.4.ThemodemEnglishnovel,which,contrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,givesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.Thus—themostsignificantphenomenoninthehistoryofthedevelopmentofEnglishliteratureintheeighteenthcentury一isanaturalproductoftheIndustrialRevolu
6、tionandasymbolofthegrowingimportanceandstrengthoftheEnglishmiddleclass.5.Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Theyheldthatrationalityorreasonshouldbetheonly,thefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtandactivities.Theycalledforareferencetoorder,reasonandrules.Atthesametime,th
7、eenlightenersadvocateduniversaleducation.JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1.ThePilgrim'sProgressisthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.Itspurposeistourgepeopletoabide（v.遵守,坚持）byChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswit
