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1、Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod1.TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilo
2、sophicalandartisticideas.2.Inthefieldofliterature,theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.Accordingtoneoclassicalperiod,allformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriters(Homeretc)andthose
3、ofthecontemporaryFrenchones.Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.3.Proseshouldbeprecise,direct,smoothandflexible;Poetryshouldbelyrical(抒情的),epical（叙事诗的, 英雄的, 有重大历史意义的）,didactic,satiricordramati
4、c,andeachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples;DramashouldbewrittenintheHeroicCouplets(iambicpentameterrhymedintwolines);thethreeunitiesoftime,spaceandactionshouldbestrictlyobserved;regularityinconstructionshouldbeadheredto,andtypecharactersratherthanindividualsshouldberepresented.4.ThemodernEnglis
5、hnovel,which,contrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,givesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.Thus—themostsignificantphenomenoninthehistoryofthedevelopmentofEnglishliteratureintheeighteenthcentury—isanaturalproductoftheIndustrialRevolutionandasymbolofthegrowingimportanceandstr
6、engthoftheEnglishmiddleclass.5.Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Theyheldthatrationalityorreasonshouldbetheonly,thefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtandactivities.Theycalledforareferencetoorder,reasonandrules.Atthesametime,theenlightenersadvocateduniversaleducation.JohnBunyan
7、约翰·班扬1.ThePilgrim'sProgressisthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.Itspurposeistourgepeopletoabide(v.遵守，坚持)byChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggles
