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1、“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are,were,have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数,由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuh
2、an.(那个工人兼作家…)TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有:theneedleandthread针线saltandwater盐和水thefolkandknife刀叉ironandsteel钢铁timeandtide岁月(时间和潮水)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.BothCathyandherdaughterLindahavegonefishinginCanada.2.everyoneofo
3、neofeachofeitherof+复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。Eachofthestudentshasabook.3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语用单数。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.4.Every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Man
4、yaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.5.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,majority,crew,audience,public,government,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指个体成员用复数。HisfamilyisinHarbin.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.Thisclassconsistsof45students.Mr.Greenteachesit.Thisclas
5、sarealldiligent.Mr.Greenteachesthem.Theteamisthebestintheleague.这个队在联赛中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths.足球队队员们在洗澡。1.Hisfamily_______asmallone.2.Hisfamily_______fatandshort.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词,具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都
6、具有以上两种用法:1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggage/luggage行李,furniture家俱,scenery景色等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):people人,police警察,cattle牲口等。6.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.7.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/ple
7、nty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbysea.Overtwentypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerewoman.8.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butal
8、so等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致——就近原则。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.9.由therebe引导的句子,当主语不是一个时,谓语动