THE MAKING OF A NATION #003 - Europeans Arrive

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1、THEMAKINGOFANATION#3-March13,2003:EuropeansArriveByNancySteinbach(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisisRichKleinfeldt.VOICETWO:AndthisisSarahLongwiththeMAKINGOFANATION,AVOASpecialEnglishprogramaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellabouthowandwhyEuropeanexplorersarriv

2、edinNorthAmerica.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThefirstEuropeansarrivedabouttwo-thousandyearsagointheareanowcalledNorthAmerica.ANorseexplorer,LeifErickson,sailedhisboatfromGreenlandaroundthenortheasterncoastofthecontinent.HereturnedhometoGreenlandtotellothersaboutthenewco

3、untry.Hecalledit"Vinland."Afewsettlementswerecreatedfollowinghisexplorations.ExpertsdiggingineasternCanadathirtyyearsagofoundavillageofhousesjustlikethosefoundinGreenland,IcelandandNorway.ButtheNorsemendidnotdevelopanypermanentsettlementsinNorthAmerica.VOICE

4、TWO:AboutTen-Hundred,Europewasbeginningaperiodofgreatchange.Onereasonwasthereligiouswarsknownasthecrusades.ThesewarswereeffortsbyEuropeanswhoweremainlyRomanCatholicChristians.TheywantedtoforceMuslimsoutofwhatisnowtheMiddleEast.ThecrusadesbeganattheendoftheEl

5、eventhCentury.Theycontinuedforabouttwo-hundredyears.ThepresenceofEuropeanarmiesintheMiddleEastincreasedtradewhichwascontrolledbybusinessmeninVeniceandotherItaliancity-states.Thebusinessmenwereearninglargeprofitsbytransportingandsupplyingthewarringarmies.When

6、theEuropeancrusadersreturnedhome,theybroughtwiththemsomenewandusefulproducts.Theproductsincludedspices,perfumes,silkcloth,steelproductsanddrugs.SuchproductsbecamehighlyvaluedalloverEurope.Increasedtraderesultedwhichledtothegrowthoftowns.Italsocreatedalargenu

7、mberofrichEuropeanbusinessmen.TheEuropeannationsweregrowing.Theydevelopedarmiesandgovernments.Thesehadtobepaidforbytaxesfromthepeople.Bythefifteenthcentury,Europeancountrieswerereadytoexplorenewpartsoftheworld.VOICEONE:ThefirstexplorerswerethePortuguese.ByFo

8、urteen-Hundred,theywantedtocontroltheEasternspicetrade.EuropeanbusinessmendidnotwanttocontinuepayingVenetianandArabtradersfortheircostlyspices.Theywantedtosetuptradethemselves.IftheycouldsailtoA